Roman Rural Production

The volume includes the minutes of an international congress held from 5 to 7 May 2010 in Murcia (Spain). Its main objective was to publicize the developments and discuss on the technical and productive processes related to wine and oil in the Roman provinces of Hispania. In addition to dealing with general aspects of wine and oil in the western Mediterranean, it contains various studies on agricultural activity in the Hispanic rural world and about the technology and processes of wine and oil production in each of the peninsular administrative demarcations in Antiquity. Almost all of the specialists dedicated to these research problems met for the first time at the colloquium.
After a first part dedicated to general functional and technological aspects, most of the work is ordered according the old Hispanic-Roman provinces of the Augustan age. To general studies focused on the analysis of large geographic areas, other contributions are added that provide a large number of archaeological novelties. The Varia block contains some contributions that are not strictly related to the subject of technological and productive processes, but that were included because they represented developments or novelties of interest.

As condições históricas concretas da produção rural mudam junto com as modificações do sistema capitalista de produção, em novos modos de articulação com o sistema financeiro e os sistemas de comercialização. No Brasil a produção rural desenvolveu-se sobre formas tradicionais de dominação. O avanço de grandes capitais significou valorização do capital e desvalorização do trabalho. Torna-se necessário atualizar a análise da produção rural para entender seu papel na nova reprimarização da economia nacional. Palavras-chave: articulação comercial, produção rural, retrocesso estrutural. ABSTRACT Historical conditions of rural production change along with the capitalistic system as a whole, with financial and commerce conditions. In Brazil, rural production evolved from extreme exploitation of slavery and traditional forms of domination in general. The expansion of big capital in rural environment meant valuation of capital and devaluation of work. It's imperative now to renew the analysis of rural production to understand its role in the ongoing coming back to primary economy.

La fouille archéologique de Mouy-sur-Seine au lieu-dit Le Trou de la Demoiselle a été menée en amont d'une campagne d'extraction de granulats calcaires. Elle a permis de dégager un nombre conséquent de structures datant majoritairement de la période antique du Haut-Empire. Pour la période protohistorique, quelques vestiges mobiliers attribués à la période du premier âge du Fer (Hallstatt C, étape 3 de la périodisation régionale) ont été mis au jour dans une dépression naturelle (noue) au nord-ouest de l'emprise. Concernant l'Antiquité romaine, les vestiges correspondent à un établissement rural antique matérialisé par un grand enclos rectangulaire composé de trois à quatre travées. Au sein de cet espace va se développer un ensemble de bâtiments sur poteaux et de puits entre le milieu du I er siècle de notre ère et le premier quart du II e siècle qui perdure probablement jusqu'au début du III e siècle de notre ère. Une vaste dépression, sûrement d'origine anthropique, va servir de dépotoir peu avant ou peu après l'abandon du site vers le milieu du III e siècle de notre ère.

The Marzuolo Archaeological Project completed its second season of excavation at Podere Marzuolo (Grosseto, Italy), a Roman period rural production site where evidence for an experimental and standardized phase of terra sigillata pottery has been discovered. The project aims to contextualize technical innovation in ceramic production within a local community of practice and within a broader regional network of production and distribution. The 2017 season specifically sought to uncover kilns and production waste for both phases of pottery production in order to refine our understanding of the technical changes between the two attested productions in the first centuries B.C.E./C.E. Instead of primary ceramic production evidence, however, the most recent excavations revealed evidence for metal production. A set of ironworking tools was discovered inside an opus quasi-reticulatum building, the site's most substantial masonry structure, which has also been associated with the standardized phase of sigillata production. The metalworking tools appear to have been hanging from hooks on the wall or arranged on wooden shelves just inside the wide-open entry-way of a single-roomed cella when the building burned down in the mid-late first century C.E. The remains of a tank lined with cocciopesto in the room to the west, as well as the remains of a large ceramic basin discovered a few meters to the east further characterize this area as an industrial zone. While previous excavations had investigated southern sections of the opus quasi-reticulatum structure, this season produced the first well-preserved occupation levels, significantly clarifying the building's chronology and function. The impetus to regard each craft separately still dominates approaches to Ro-man crafts production, largely overlooking the interaction that occurred between craft producers in a community. How does the practice of multiple crafts simultaneously and in close proximity to one another impact the process of innovation, the transfer of technical knowledge, the organization and social dynamics of pro-duction? Excavations by the Marzuolo Archaeological Project encourage a better contextualization of rural production sites by situating technical change in pottery production within the framework of a purpose-built, multi-crafting community.

This first volume in a new series about Belgian archaeological research in Italy brings all relevant data together about the newly discovered and systematically surveyed sites in the Potenza Valley Survey project (2000-2017). The well-illustrated book presents the wide array of new archaeological finds and topographic and chronological data about sites, assembled via systematic prospections by a team of Ghent University in a valley of central Adriatic Italy. The many spectacular survey data from a series of now abandoned ancient urban centres and protohistoric agglomerations, are combined here with non-invasive prospection results from sites found in their rural hinterlands. The analysis and documentation of all these discoveries, and of their relation with environmental change in the past, now provide a crucial understanding of an ideal section through the diversified central Italian landscape, linking the Apennine Mountains with the Adriatic coastal plain. In this way the survey project reveals a spectrum of settlement situations, ranging from a Roman colony on the coast and a series of pre-Roman Iron Age inland centres, to the smallest dwelling places of indigenous and immigrant communities living in this specific settlement chamber of the Mediterranean between the early Iron Age (circa 900 BC) and the end of Antiquity (circa AD 600). The intensive use of landscape survey archaeology and remote sensing approaches, of which this book is a reflection, has enabled the scholars involved in this team effort to study diachronic patterns of urban and rural habitation and land use with much greater precision than before, thus contributing to the "longue durée" landscape and settlement dynamics in this part of the ancient world.

KEYNOTE LECTURE
ADELA BÂLTÂC, ALINA MUȘAT-STREINU, ALEXANDRA DOLEA
THE POTTERY KILNS FROM THE ROMAN SETTLEMENT OF ȘIBOT–„ÎN OBREJ”, ALBA COUNTY – PRELIMINARY RESULTS

The Roman settlement of Șibot–„În Obrej” (Alba County) was first introduced to the academic community in 2011. The rescue excavations which took place during March – October 2012 were initiated due to the construction of Motorway 1, Orăștie–Sibiu segment, lot 1 Orăștie – Sebeș. The archaeological research revealed an extended perimeter belonging to a Roman rural settlement, divided in a habitation area, the settlement (km 9+650–9+910) and the nearby necropolis (9+920–10+054). Alongside contexts specific to a settlement and its necropolis, there have also been identified and researched 14 pottery kilns, discovered in various stages of conservation. Given the careful research and study, it can be established that most of the pottery kilns belong to a single type – circular kiln with central pillar. During the archaeological excavation, the pottery kilns offered rich material that can lead to a typology of the pottery from the recently discovered settlement.