Prosopography

A família Frantz é um grande e antigo clã de origem alemã do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no Brasil. Foi fundado em 1826, no início da colonização alemã, com a chegada do imigrante Johann Adam IV Frantz. Seus membros participaram da fundação de Santa Cruz do Sul, onde exerceram significativa influência social, econômica e política ao longo de quase todo o século XX, permanecendo uma família tradicional até hoje. Santa Cruz foi o principal polo de dispersão da família e continua como seu núcleo mais populoso. Também estiveram entre os fundadores de Passo do Sobrado, Cerro Largo, Tunápolis e das comunidades/distritos de Linha Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz), Rincão del Rey (Rio Pardo), Linha do Rio, Linha Capão e Entrada Ferraz (Vera Cruz).

O patriarca produziu uma vasta descendência, cuja fortuna ao longo de dois séculos variou sensivelmente. Muitos se fixaram no campo ocupados com a pequena agricultura ou integraram as classes trabalhadoras urbanas, enquanto que muitos outros prosperaram e chegaram a alcançar posições de liderança em várias cidades, surgindo prefeitos, vice-prefeitos, vereadores, presidentes de Câmaras, banqueiros, grandes empresários, professores e reitores de universidades, conselheiros, diretores e presidentes de importantes associações e entidades públicas e privadas, juízes e procuradores públicos, deputados, secretários municipais e estaduais, um embaixador, bem como próceres da cultura e da religião. Vários ramos, por outro lado, desapareceram dos registros e seu destino é ignorado.

Este artigo há de servir como um informativo sucinto sobre as origens e história da família, para quem quiser conhecê-la de uma maneira apenas geral. Um material muito mais extenso e detalhado é apresentado em meu livro Crônica das famílias Paternoster e Frantz e sua parentela em Caxias do Sul, Brasil: Estórias e História, em três volumes, que contém muita informação sobre o núcleo santa-cruzense e sua dispersão e toda a genealogia conhecida com segurança dos descendentes de Johann Adam. Quem tiver interesse em percorrer esse material o encontrará nesta mesma plataforma. Os Frantz se encontram nos volumes II (história no Brasil) e III (história na Alemanha).

This article presents the people who delivered messages to Prussia on behalf of the Gniezno Archbishops in the 15th century. In this respect, the period of Mikołaj Trąba’s and Wojciech Jastrzębc’s pontificates (i.e., the years 1419–1436) is of most interest, as only two such delegates can be identified in the second half of the 15th century. This state of affairs was probably influenced by the regulations of the so-called Second Peace of Thorn from 1466, which mandated that Royal Prussia shall become a dominion of the Crown. When individual metropolitans of Gniezno required delegates, they turned to representatives of their own families (Mikołaj from Baruchów and Tłuchów, Maciej from Służew), courtiers (Piotr from Mniszków), lower-rank church and business officials (Kamieński Bernard and Szymon from Staw, non-judicial Poviate Governor of Uniejów [tenutariusz uniejowski] Franciszek from Sąspow) or the clergy of the secular archdiocese of Gniezno (the prelates of the Cathedral Chapter in Gniezno, the canon of Łęczyca Adam from Drzewców, Mikołaj the priest in Pieran). In the light of the presented source material, Szymon Maciejowic from Staw definitely stands out in terms of the number of completed missions, which may indicate his high position in the Archbishop’s inner circle.

The repercussions of the rise of totalitarianism in the interwar period and more precisely of the war itself on international sport have already been the subject of detailed studies, particularly around the International Olympic Committee (IOC), but football - and in particular the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) - is also an excellent analyst of this "turning point" in the history of the 20th century. Indeed, the 1930s and 1940s were key decades to understand the challenges of the politicization of football, to highlight how sports leaders operate in an ambivalent context, but also to analyse the transformation of the governance of an international organization between the attempts of interference driven by Axis forces and the "resistance" orchestrated by Secretary General. Thus, this article aims to question and analyse the investment of Axis forces around FIFA, particularly in the light of its continued activity during the war, using some original archives and documents from the FIFA documentation center.

En el año 1606, Gil González Dávila publicaba una de las primeras Historias de la ciudad de Salamanca. En ella hablaba de la Universidad como la “República de sabios”, una metáfora que describía la importancia del profesorado en ese momento. Precisamente La República de sabios. Profesores, cátedras y universidad en la Salamanca del siglo de Oro es una obra que pretende sacar los entresijos de un grupo de intelectuales, los profesores universitarios, cuyo desempeño docente se desarrolló en el momento de mayor esplendor del Estudio Salmantino. Resulta paradójico que, a pesar de haber nutrido la fama internacional y atemporal de la Universidad de Salamanca, su profesorado careciera de un estudio de grupo como el que ahora se presenta. A través de la investigación histórica basada en diferentes fuentes y un doble enfoque prosopográfico y socioeconómico, se analiza la generación de catedráticos entre 1570 y 1600, si bien sus proyecciones se amplían hacia otros espacios peninsulares y hacia una cronología más amplia, los reinados de Felipe II (1556-1598) y Felipe III (1598-1621). En definitiva, este libro pretende dar cuenta del gremio docente durante la etapa áurea de la Universidad de Salamanca, la cual, como alma mater, acogió y educó a sus hijos proporcionándoles el paraguas de una institución pujante. Pero, como en todas las familias, las relaciones no siempre eran armónicas; al fin y al cabo, aunque predominen unos rasgos comunes, los vástagos siempre son diferentes entre sí. En este sentido, el profesorado aparece como un grupo heterogéneo que, sin embargo, se define por su elevada formación académica; una verdadera “república de sabios” cuya voz difusa en otro tiempo comienza a entenderse ahora.
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In the year 1606, Gil González Dávila published one of the first books about the History of Salamanca. He spoke of the University as the "Republic of the wise men", a metaphor that described the importance of professors at that time. Precisely ‘The Republic of Sages. Professors, Chairs and University in the Salamanca of Golden Age’ is a monography that aims to draw the ins and outs of a group of intellectuals, the university professors, whose teaching life was developed at the time of greatest splendor of the Studio Salmanticensis. It is paradoxical that, despite having nurtured the international and timeless fame of the University of Salamanca, its faculty lacked a group study like the one now presented. Through historical research based on different sources and a double prosopographic and socioeconomic approach, the generation of professors between 1570 and 1600 is analyzed, although their projections are extended to other peninsular spaces and to a wider chronology, the reigns of Philipp II (1556-1598) and Philipp III (1598-1621). In short, this book seeks to explain the professor guild during the golden stage of the University of Salamanca, which, as alma mater, hosted and educated their children by providing the umbrella of a thriving institution. But, as in all families, relationships were not always harmonious; after all, although common features predominate, the stems are always different. In this sense, the faculty the University of Salamanca appears as a heterogeneous group that, however, is defined by its high academic background; a true "republic of wise men" whose diffuse voice in the past begins to be understood now.

If we would apply it to Trebizond and its district, the duchy of Chaldia, the concept of 'border' may be declined in two different ways. Firstly, in its 'classic' meaning, for the region was located on the north-eastern edge of the Anatolian peninsula and since Late Antiquity represented the eastern limit of the imperial authority. Secondly, in political and cultural terms, as the geographical characteristics of the territory and the 'separatist temper' of local ruling classes, slowly led Chaldia to detach from Constantinople's sovereignty.
The 'porosity' of byzantine frontiers fostered the penetration of significant population groups – Lazes, Armenians and Georgians – from the neighbouring Caucasus, which gradually amalgamated with the Greek majority, until creating a specific 'Pontic' character in the inhabitants of the region. Byzantine scholars noticed the latter's 'otherness' already in the 10th century, for they described Chaldean rural elites as semi-barbarian. Indeed, those people prospered thanks to their looting in the neighbouring Islamic principalities and to the extortions at the expense of those who were crossing their possessions: not exactly like Constantinople's sophisticated aristocracy.
A truly independent principality was founded in Trebizond only in 1204, contemporarily with the capture of Constantinople by the crusaders, however, at least from the final quarter of the 11th century, Pontic aristocracies drew up and systematically applied a wide-ranging separatist strategy. Led by the most prominent military clans, local magnates retook Chaldia after it had momentarily fallen into the hands of the Turks after the battle of Manzikert (1071) and then hindered imperial agents to regain full control of it. Although until 1204 separatist dukes alternated with officials who were loyal to the basileia, Pontic political balance increasingly tended to exclude the emperor. Chaldean governors connected with local provincial elites not only did not accept a compromise with the central authority, but also developed their own foreign and religious policies, which was often openly at odds with that of the Empire. The latter were substantially the harbingers of the foundation of the so-called Empire of Trebizond, which would have survived to the imperial restoration of the Palaiologoi (1261) and resisted to the Ottomans until 1461, eight years after Constantinople's fall.

La prosopografia dei Servilii rappresenta un tema dibattuto, indagato, da ultimi, da E. Badian e G. Alföldy. Prendendo le mosse dalla questione dell’identità del monetale C. Servilius M.f., questo contributo intende dimostrare che i Servilii noti come Vatiae non adoperavano tale cognomen tra II e I secolo a.C., almeno sistematicamente e con finalità autorappresentative. Conseguentemente, vengono ridiscussi problemi metodologici e prosopografici concernenti la discendenza dei Servilii Gemini.

This article investigates the events of Rudolf II's military campaign in Italy (922) and considers the political ramification of this, both immediately thereafter and subsequently during the rule of Rudolf. Particular attention is paid to the career of Boniface of the Hucpoldings: an Italian aristocrat who attained prominence thanks to his close relationship with Rudolf. The Hucpoldings belonged to the aristocratic elite of the Carolingian empire, came to Italy under Lothar I (c.847) and tried to settle there. Until now, scholars have underestimated their role in the wider context of the early medieval Italian kingdom. This study will stress how Boniface's career was a turning point in the lineage's development, and how his political achievements were essential for his kinship's further hegemony.

The staff structure of the Chapter of Győr in the 17th and 18th centuries

Based on previous Western European and hungarian examples this study aims at carrying out a prosopographic study of the Chapter of Győr trough analysing the biography and walk of life of the Prebends installed between the tenure of Bishop György Széchényi and Bishop Christian August. It is important to have the possibly most exact picture of the middle-level society of the Győr Diocese from this crucial period of the triumphant decades of the Catholic confessionalization. Driven by this motive the study looks into the nationality, social status, geographic origin and education background of ecclesiastic persons ordained as Prebends. Another important aspect of the study is the relationship pattern of these persons with the Chapter and the ways of having been promoted into the body. The study of this aspect offers some prospect on the relationships of the Chapter with the lower clergy and other Chapters. This method offers a way to gain a picture of the promotion policy pf three bishops during the span of the sixty-seven years of the studied period. Based on results of the first part of this study the second part tries to identify different career types within and sometimes outside the boundaries of the Chapter of Győr. In order to facilitate the use of the results and suggested tendencies of the present study in wider context a comparative analysis is presented concerning the similarities and differences of the the practice of the medieval Chapter of Győr and the Chapter of Veszprém in early modern times.

Ever since the discovery of a building inscription of a vexillatio of the legio VI Ferrata near Tel Shalem, 1 it was clear that the area was a locus of Roman military activity. In the following years the vicinity of the Tel yielded the inscription of a Hadrianic arch whose letter-size is surpassed only by the lettering on the Pantheon and the Arch of Titus in Rome. 2 Most recently, the headquarters complex of the fort (principia), and in particular the regimen-tal shrine (aedes or sacellum), have been uncovered (see above). Within and in front of the aedes were found three inscriptions: 3 a dedicatory inscription to Caracalla on a statue base in front of the building (no. 1), and two mosaic inscriptions inside, one at the entrance to the nave (no. 2), the other at its far end (no. 3). The fills covering the building produced stamped roof-tiles bearing three different formulae. The new inscriptions prove that the building was the aedes of the Ala VII Phrygum. The earliest attestation of its presence in Syria Palaestina is inferred from a military diploma of A.D. 139 4 found at Apheka, not far from Tel Shalem. Assuming that the Ala Phrygum, attested without the number VII in the province of Syria up to A.D. 88, 5 is the same unit as the Ala VII Phrygum of our inscriptions, its transfer to Iudaea is most likely to be associated with the suppression of the Bar Kokhba Revolt. 6 The inscriptions published here provide the latest known date for its stay in Syria Palaestina, some 40 years after the latest date so far attested in military diplomas. 7

Prosopographical Apparatus, in:
Robert Gramsch, Erfurter Juristen im Spätmittelalter. Die Karrieremuster und Tätigkeitsfelder einer gelehrten Elite des 14. und 15. Jahrhunderts (Education and Society in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, 17), Leiden / Boston 2003, Personenkatalog auf CD-Rom, Nr. 649.

Resumo: O presente trabalho consiste em uma análise do perfil dos imigrantes portugueses no rio Madeira chegados preferencialmente no século XIX, momento de expansão da economia da borracha. Isto será possível mediante o estabelecimento de um diálogo com a micro-história italiana, e fazendo uso das ferramentas metodológicas da prosopografia. Deste modo, iremos traçar o perfil coletivo de 77 portugueses, reconstruindo trajetórias individuais e de grupo. Para isso, elaboramos um questionário biográfico com questões que foram aplicadas de forma padronizada à documentação e bibliografia referente a cada personagem do grupo delimitado e possibilitou a construção da base de dados que direcionou nossa análise. O questionário biográfico foi composto considerando os seguintes marcadores: origem, faixa etária, sexo, condição civil, atividade profissional e redes de sociabilidade. Assim, nos enveredamos pelos caminhos da imigração portuguesa, buscando mapear, potencializar e perceber a importância desse processo para composição e dinâmica populacional da bacia do rio Madeira, no século XIX e início do XX.

Sogdians, a group of Central Asians based between the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, played a significant historical role at the crossroads of the Silk Roads. Travelling the world as caravan leaders, organised in trading networks, they were found from Byzantium to the Chinese heartland. The Sogdian language was a candidate for the lingua franca of the Silk Roads for some hundred years and Sogdians acted as polyglot mediators at courts and prominent translators of Buddhist texts. In the Chinese capitals, fire temples were erected for their use and the exotic products they imported were cherished by the people and the court.
This socio-historical study by Moritz Huber provides a translation of the transmitted Chinese records on Sogdians in Sogdiana and China and combines them with archaeological evidence to present a differentiated picture of their presence in China from the 3rd to 10th century CE. Besides the transcription and translation of all epitaphs of Sogdians from an archaeological context, used to tell their interconnected biographies, as well as a detailed discussion of their political organisation in China under the sabao 薩保/薩寶, this publication further includes a case-study of the Shi 史 families in Guyuan 固原, Ningxia 寧夏 Province.

Asiatische Forschungen 160
Harrassowitz
ISBN 978-3-447-11380-9