Portuguese Literature

O que move a poesia de Armando Silva Carvalho é a paixão pela vida. A actividade de quem se disponha a fazer da poesia uma forma de vida, a fazer do poético o incerto ponto da mais alta precisão da nomeação da vida, a fazer da forma estésica – sempre dinâmica – a excentricidade que toca a vida, lampejos descontínuos que nenhum furor apaixonado pode compor mas é contumaz na recomposição e descomposição, tem, no conjunto de poemas congregado sob o título A Sombra do Mar, uma das mais pungentes lições. Lição sem prédica, afastando, ou castigando mesmo, uma demasiado humana autocomplacência – pessoal ou biográfica, colectiva ou histórica –, exalando aquela rara e enrarecida inteligência poética que se espera de uma modernidade que ainda não chegou, nem talvez seja já esperada; lição marcada, ainda, por uma inesgotável jovialidade lúdica que transporta, é certo, desencanto e execração, envoltos numa tonalidade equívoca e esquiva, ‘riso que chora’.

Despite the vast participation of New Christians (converts from Judaism or of Jewish ancestry) in the process of early modern Iberian imperial expansion overseas, the research on this topic has been limited to a few studies, which are usually based on Inquisitorial records, follow mainly historical approaches, and tend to depict stereotypical and sometimes romantic and essentialist images of New Christian travelers. With the goal of filling this gap, this dissertation studies literary texts written by Iberian New Christians in the context of the early modern Portuguese and Spanish oceanic expansion. The dissertation analyses Portuguese and Spanish texts written during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in (or about) different areas of the Iberian colonies like Portuguese Asia, Northeastern Brazil and the Spanish Viceregal Peru. Besides minimizing (or problematizing) the Catholic dimension of Spanish and Portuguese imperial activity overseas, the works studied in the dissertation are unique because they show signs of a subjectivity that was uncommon in the landscape of the textual representations of the early modern Iberian empire expansion, such as the use of humor and possible allusions to Jewish and New Christian culture. Chapter one focuses on the Colóquios dos simples e drogas da Índia (Goa, 1563), by the Portuguese New Christian physician Garcia d’Orta (c.1501-1568). This chapter shows how the late discovery of inquisitorial records related to Garcia d’Orta’s family impacted the ways we currently read the once-marginalized but now-canonized Colóquios. Chapter two deals with one of the most enigmatic and complex texts of the Portuguese early modern expansion literature: Peregrinação (Lisbon, 1614) by Fernão Mendes Pinto (c.1510-1583). Since Mendes Pinto’s Jewish roots have yet to be proven, the chapter examines how the scholarship around Mendes Pinto’s text and persona has fostered or rejected the hypothesis of his New Christian status, and shows how the themes of justice, honor, and lineage in Peregrinação suggest a New Christian discourse. Chapter three moves from the Indic to the Atlantic Ocean and studies the Diálogos das grandezas do Brasil (Paraíba?, c.1618), an anonymous text attributed to the Portuguese New Christian sugar mill owner Ambrósio Fernandes Brandão (c. 1555-c.1618). The chapter highlights some passages from the Diálogos that bear witness to the religious instability that characterized part of Portugal’s New Christian population, and suggests that Brandão sought to present Brazil in a positive light to New Christians by appealing to their fluid religious identity. Chapter four shifts to Viceregal Peru and investigates another anonymous work: the Descripción del Virreinato del Perú (? - c.1620) attributed to Pedro de León Portocarrero (c.1576-c.1620), a Spanish New Christian merchant of probable Portuguese origin. The chapter shows how Portocarrero opposes Spanish colonial rule not just by providing secret commercial and military information to Dutch authorities, but also by criticizing Spain's commercial, political and religious monopoly on subtle symbolic levels. I argue that all of these texts were written by authors whose probable lack of political and religious commitment to the official approaches and discourses of Iberian overseas expansion allowed them to represent the colonization process in an alternative, non-triumphalist fashion.

No artigo móstrase a utilidade do estudo da variación scriptolingüística nos cancioneiros trobadorescos galego-portugueses para o
esclarecemento da evolución da tradición manuscrita da lírica. A análise céntrase nas variables gráficas <nh/n> e <s/ss>, a primeira das cales remite ás distintas representacións da consoante nasal palatal, mentres que a segunda é definida como o uso de <s> por <ss> ou de <ss> por <s> en interior de palabra entre vogais. Estúdase a variación nos cancioneiros á luz do proceso de normalización de <nh> e <s>∼<ss> na scripta elaborada no escritorio real portugués nos finais do século XIII e comezos do XIV. Á luz dos resultados obtidos, analízase a evolución do ramo dereito da tradición manuscrita e demóstrase que don Pedro de Barcelos, compilador do Livro das Cantigas, non foi o responsable da «Compilación Xeral» da lírica (subarquetipo α), e explórase a contribución a esta de don Denis.

Resumo:
Este texto noticia a existência de livros de Francisco Leitão Ferreira (1667 a 1735) na Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil, no Rio de Janeiro. A partir deste acervo, estuda-se a produção letrada deste importante acadêmico e da inserção de sua obra na cena letrada da Lisboa setecentista. Estuda-se sua produção de poesia, pouco conhecida; e sua produção como pensador, em específico a composição da síntese especulativa das letras seiscentistas, conforme doutrinação importada em Portugal da Itália e da Espanha, por ele elaborada como acadêmico da Academia dos Anônimos de Lisboa: Nova Arte de Conceitos, 1715 e 1721.
Palavras-chave: Poética. Retórica. Nova arte de Conceitos. Academia. Século XVIII.

Abstract:
This text notices the existence of books by Francisco Leitão Ferreira (1667 to 1735) in the National Library of Brazil, in Rio de Janeiro. From this collection, we study the literary production of this important academic and the insertion of his work in the literary scene of Lisbon in the early eighteenth century. We study also his production as a thinker, in particular the composition of the speculative synthesis of the seventeenth-century letters, according to indoctrination imported into Portugal from Italy and Spain, which he wrote as an academician of the Academia dos Anonymous of Lisbon: New Art of Concepts, 1715 and 1721.

José Anselmo Correia [Corrêa] Henriques (1777, Ribeira Brava, Madeira-1832 Lisboa) is a now forgotten Portuguese author from the beginning of the 19th century. Working as diplomat in various European cities and in Brazil (where the Portuguese royal family stayed after their flight from Napoleon) he wrote some heroicomic epical poems as A Padeira de Aljubarrota, Hamburg 1806, also in his  Obras poeticas, only vol. 1 published by his friend the German Pedro Gabe de Masarellos, Hamburg 1819 and some other heroicomic epics as  Perodana, o conciliabulo dos periodicos, Veneza 1819 , a satire of the contemporary press.  He is also the author of some panegyrical lyrics and one of the  earliest  historical  plays in Portuguese literature A revolução de Portugal, London1809 (presenting the historical situation 1640 as a backdrop for 1808).  He translated Sheridans A school for scandal into Portuguese. With his  O Capítulo geral dos Franciscanos (a free translation of Alexis Pirons Le chapitre général des cordeliers) he created a pornographic  chef d’œuvre circulating only in manuscript form

Almeida Garrett (1799-1854) is still considered one of the key names of Portuguese Romanticism and of 19th-century liberalism; the two are deeply associated in his political, civic, literary and cultural biography. “Poet-citizen-dandy”, his stance (resembling that of Chateaubriand and Mme de Staël) embodied a strong interaction between his literary writing, his intervention in public life and his personal relationships.

Nb: electronic version of an entry published in the Encyclopedia of Romantic Nationalism in Europe, ed. by Joep Leerssen for the Project SPIN- Study Platform on Interlocking Nationalisms, an with a printed version in the Encyclopedia of Romantic Nationalism in Europe, ed. by Joep Leerssen for the Amsterdam University Press, vol. 1 (for more about this book see: <http://en.aup.nl/books/9789462981188-encyclopedia-of-romantic-nationalism-in-europe.html>).
The author has also writen the entries “Commemorations, festivals: Portuguese”, “Text Editions (Portuguese)”, “Almeida Garrett” and “Education: Portuguese” (the later with Sérgio Gomes) for the same encyclopedia.

Regarded as one of the key figures of Portuguese Modernismo, José Régio is better known for his creative work than for his literary criticism. While much has been written on Régio´s poetry and fiction, there is relatively little scholarship on his drama, and even less on his critical works. This artice is an examination of his important, though insufficiently acknowledged, contribution to Portuguese theory and criticism.

This chapter aims aims to present the theoretical and methodological foundations of the project Digital Map of Iberian Literary Relations (1870-1930). First, it offers an overview of the geocultural reflections underlying this project, from the general 'spatial turn' of the Humanities to the reformulation of Area Studies (more specifically, of the field of Iberian Studies, in which this project is inscribed), and also the development of digital cartography. Secondly, it explains the specific methodology applied in this project, from the selection of data and their codification into a database, to possible problems and options of visualisation through interactive digital maps. Resumo 1 O spatial turn e os estudos ibéricos no projecto Mapa digital das relações literárias ibéricas (1870-1930).-2 Aspectos metodológicos e técnicos do Mapa digital.-2.1 A seleção e recolha de dados.-2.2 Desenho da base de dados.-2.3 Visualizar relações: alguns problemas previstos.-3 Reflexões finais.

The outbreak of 1857 was not only a direct challenge to the British rule in India, but also to the three and a half centuries old Portuguese administration. There were, in Portuguese India, events of rebellions inspired  by the sepoys of the British India. The subject of the Mutiny as theme of three fictions were published in Portugal within less than two decades after this national event of India.