Phoenicians

By means of the cluster analysis, we present an approach to the differentiation of the Tartesian and Phoenician funerary sphere in the Andalusian region. This statistical method is based on the Information Theory applied to the analysis of qualitative multistate data. The results of cluster analysis clears up the indigenous character of funerary sites such as "La Joya" (Huelva), "Cruz del Negro" (Sevilla) and "Las Cumbres" (Cádiz).
RESUMEN: Se presenta un intento de diferenciación entre los mundos funerarios tartésico y fenicio en Andalucía (España) mediante la utilización del análisis cluster aplicado a variables cualita tivas. Esta técnica estadística se basa en la utilización de la Teoría de la Información extendida al análisis de datos definidos mediante variables cualitativas multiestado. Los resultados obtenidos establecen la existencia de dos ámbitos funerarios diferenciados, mostrando la nítida inclusión de necrópolis como La Joya (Huelva), Cruz del Negro (Sevilla) y Las Cumbres (Cádiz) en el horizonte indígena.

Mediterranean trade with the communities of Northwest Iberia is a historical phenomenon that has received some attention from academics only in the past two decades, despite the relatively frequent findings of products of Mediterranean origin or from the area of the Strait of Gibraltar in contexts of the Late Iron Age. Recently, the “La Ruta de las Estrimnides. Mediterranean trade and interculturality in the northwest of Iberia” (HAR2015-68310-P) project aimed to systematically study these southern materials in order to include them in a spatial and temporal context, as well as in an economic and commercial structure: navigation routes, scales, rhythms and frequency of travel, products that circulated in both directions and, above all, control mechanisms and power groups, direct or indirect, involved in this movement of people, products and ideas.

Abstract: We analyse the coins minted in the ancient Phoenician colony of Malaca and discovered in the city of Suel, which can be located in Cerro del Castillo in the  town of Fuengirola (Málaga). With a chronology including the last decades of the 3rd century until the final years of the 1st century BC, this set consists of 66 coins, most of them unpublished, which include the totality of Malaca emissions, as well as all the denominations coined in this city. We can also add to them another eight coins from different sites of its ager, one of them not published until now. This study allows us to verify that these findings follow the general tone established for this mint not only in Malaca itself but also within other settlements, thus contributing to increase the volume of coins from the Malaca mint known up to now.
Resumen: Estudiamos las monedas acuñadas en la antigua colonia fenicia de Malaca descubiertas en la ciudad de Suel, la cual cabe situar en el Cerro del Castillo de la localidad malagueña de Fuengirola. Con una cronología que comprende desde las últimas décadas del siglo III hasta los años finales del siglo I a. C., este conjunto está formado por 66 ejemplares, la mayor parte inéditos conservados en colecciones priva-das, que incluyen la totalidad de las emisiones malacitanas conocidas, así como todos los valores acuñados en dicha urbe. A éstos podemos sumar otros ocho procedentes de distintos yacimientos de su ager, uno de ellos no publicado hasta ahora. Dicho estudio nos permite comprobar que estos hallazgos siguen la tónica establecida para esta ceca no solo en la propia Malaca, sino también en otros asentamientos, contribuyendo a incrementar así mismo el volumen de numerario malacitano conocido hasta el momento.

Nell'ambito delle molteplici attività del Progetto S’Urachi, tra il 2014 e il 2016 sono stati effettuati una prospezione e alcuni sondaggi stratigrafici presso la località di Su Padrigheddu (San Vero Milis, OR). Il sito, inizialmente considerato un’area a carattere funerario, sulla base della cultura materiale recuperata nel corso degli anni ‘80 del secolo scorso può essere riletto come un abitato dell’età del Ferro presso il nuraghe S’Urachi. Nel presente contributo vengono descritti i più recenti interventi archeologici in questo sito e si offre una panoramica della cultura ceramica e dei resti faunistici recuperati attraverso i sondaggi di scavo. I risultati discussi confermano dunque un carattere abitativo per Su Padrigheddu dove è possibile intravedere una forte interazione tra l’elemento nuragico e quello fenicio attraverso le pratiche culinarie e di consumo. // As a part of the ongoing work of the Progetto S’Urachi, a site-based survey and small excavation were carried out in 2014-2016 at Su Padrigheddu (San Vero Milis, OR). Although the site was considered a cemetery in early literature, recent reanalysis of the ceramic assemblage recovered in the 1980s has shown that it was likely an Iron Age village close to the nuraghe S’Urachi. In this article, we describe the recent archaeological interventions and provide an overview of Nuragic and Phoenician ceramic as well as faunal remains recovered through excavation. Our results confirm that this was indeed a habitation site and provide evidence for Nuragic-Phoenician interaction and consumption practices at this important site.

This study adopts a transregional approach that focuses on connectivity dynamics in order to present a wider picture of artistic, cultural and political phenomena in the Mediterranean. It examines dynastic funerary art at the end of the fifth century and in the fourth century BC by focusing - through a wide range of evidence - on what funerary images can reveal about the societies that produced them. It analyses renowned dynastic tombs from south-western Anatolia (present-day Turkey) such as the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus and the Nereid Monument of Xanthos, but also from Phoenicia (present-day Lebanon). A common element among the similarities displayed by these tombs is the nearly constant presence of the multiple-quarry hunt iconography, which consists of prey from different species depicted in one figurative programme. The Eastern Mediterranean under Persian Achaemenid rule is portrayed as an interconnected cultural and political area with specific features instead of merely being an area between the Greek and Persian worlds.