Modeling and Simulation

In view of the paradigm shift that makes science ever more data-driven, we consider deterministic scientific hypotheses as uncertain data. This vision comprises a probabilistic database (p-DB) design methodology for the systematic construction and management of U-relational hypothesis DBs, viz., γ-DBs. It introduces hypothesis management as a promising new class of applications for p-DBs. We illustrate the potential of γ-DB as a tool for deep predictive analytics.

Today we portray designs with analytical systems and systems with the emerging terminology of computational design. Generative, intelligent, digital, parametric, associative, biomimetic designs sound valuable, whereas the integrity remains questionable. The tool, enabling designer to play with forms, patterns, models is neither granting him the knowledge nor teaching him the appropriate technique. Are we really able to digest and master all the information we're subject to, to be used in our designs? Or do we have much to learn about the investigations of the renaissance men to reach to a level of proficiency? 3D space. Writing and manipulating scripts, he later develops lines, curves, surfaces, and then colors, reflections and parts. Once satisfied with the level of generated complexity-be it a computer aided design (CAD) model or a digital rendering-the young man posts his creation on internet, to share it with the rest of the world. Each day we wake up to see a new post on the design blog we follow. A collection of imagery stands before our eyes, tagged with fancy labels related to computation, nature or like. In the virtually infinite playground of digital design the abstract designs try to stand bold with the support of the abused terminology of the computational design era. But there is not necessarily a strong foundation to discuss the value of the proposed design conception and imagery. Exploration is certainly a must while moving into the territory of the new in design. But how are we going to question the value of the explored? While Knowledge and expertise Digital excitement versus concentration Prof. Chris Wise calls the disoriented efforts in computational design as "digital drunkenness". Today, with so many tools to play with in such a large playground , everybody wants to get their hands dirty. Everybody wants to be the part of the ongoing digital conversation, or at least to catch up with it. However, the extreme level of excitement somehow spoils the level of precision. The moment Wise is about the claim that a more controlled direction is necessary; he changes his mind and admits that a "technologi-cal orgy" is inevitable, and maybe it's not such a bad thing, since it "might get us further, faster even if it has the directional stability of a bucking bronco." Young architect, with enthusiasm, opens the script editor of a 3D modeling program to be a part of the ongoing digital design conversation. After the first baby steps, he creates some points in the virtual

As legislation is pushed with harder constrains to commitment, the development process is challenged. For combustion engine development, it means that virtual engine calibration becomes more interesting to support already established development verification and validation methods and projects in industry. The virtual calibration is done in a HIL-environment, where the engine model is the plant. Valves, actuators, ECU are some of the hardware environment. The engine model is a fast running one, which is a necessity for this type of simulation, meaning it´s running in Real-Time speed and of no means slower. To come to that point, a detailed engine model has been converted to a Fast Running one, which is the subject for this thesis.

The nascent wave of disruptive competition in the current business environment brought about by the fourth industrial revolution (Fashion 4.0 or Apparel 4.0) is enormous. Therefore, it is paramount important to apparel industry to be flexible enough to respond quickly to the unstable customers' demand through continuous improvement of their process efficiency and productivity. This study aims at achieving an optimal trouser assembly line balancing using simulation-based optimization via design of experiment. The empirical study is conducted at Southern Range Nyanza Limited (NYTIL) garment facility and a complex trouser assembly line with 72 operations is considered. The discrete event simulation of the trouser assembly line is developed using Arena simulation software. The local optimal solution is obtained from simulation experimentation and is adopted for the optimization process. The OptQuest tool is utilized to solve a single objective function (throughput) optimization problem. The results show that average throughput increases from the existing design (490 pieces per day) to local optimal design (638) and global optimal design (762). Consequently, the line efficiency increases from 61.2% to 79.7% to 95.2% respectively. The high increase in line efficiency and average throughput confirms the suitability assembly line balancing using simulation-based optimization via design of experiment.

Here agent-based models are employed to explore the behavior of small communities and their associated economic systems within an area of climatically marginal environment in northern Syria and Iraq. The examples, drawn from late prehistoric and Bronze Age societies that developed at the onset of urbanization, show how small communities might respond to various resource stresses and environmental fluctuations. The computer simulations demonstrate that some households gain resources at the expense of others and the community becomes more economically differentiated through time with some households benefiting at the expense of others. The approaches discussed demonstrate that complex societies were capable of a wide range of responses to stresses that could be absorbed or amplified via a number of social, economic, or demographic processes.

Jengkol crackers are one of the complementary foods, with a savory and crispy flavor, making many enthusiasts of jengkol crackers. This is a good opportunity for entrepreneurs to further develop one of these culinary businesses. But it is quite unfortunate in the manufacturing process is less effective, for example in the case of cutting the crackers crackers, where there are still many manually so that results in the production process does not increase

Les modèles ont aujourd’hui des natures, des principes, des fonctions et des usages extrêmement variés. Toutefois, on peut en risquer une caractérisation générale en se concentrant sur la fonction de connaissance minimale et propre à tout modèle : c’est « un objet de substitution qui facilite un questionnement scientifique en facilitant une médiation entre capacités cognitives théoriques ou pratiques, individuelles ou collectives » (Varenne 2017, p. 95), ces capacités pouvant être l’observation, la représentation intelligible, la théorisation, la délibération, la décision et l’action. Le terme modélisation, quant à lui, désigne toute une stratégie de recherche recourant à une série raisonnée et comparative de modèles, avec l’objectif d’isoler le (ou les) modèle(s) remplissant le mieux la (ou les) fonction(s) de connaissance recherchée(s). Les modalités de validation d’un modèle dépendent étroitement du questionnement qui l’a vu naître, des fonctions de connaissance que l’on veut prioritairement lui voir assurer et de la stratégie générale de modélisation à laquelle il appartient.

This study illustrates presents a set of the Long – Term Geoelectric Potential (LTGP) measurements that are collected for experimental investigation in Western Greece during a five–year period (1993 – 1997). During this period, many major destructive earthquake events occurred that caused human casualties and extended material damages. The collection and processing of geoelectric measurements was done by an automated data acquisition system at the Seismological Laboratory of the University of Patras, Greece.
This novel study considers seismic activity of this area as a typical linear dynamic system and the dynamic relationship between the magnitude of earthquakes and Long – Term Geoelectric Potential signals is inferred by the Recursive Least Square algorithm. The results are encouraging and show that linear dynamic systems, which are widely used in modern control theory, can describe efficiently the dynamic behavior of seismic activity and become a useful interpretative tool of seismic phenomenon.

Peut-on formaliser le vivant ? Peut-on réduire une plante à une simple formule mathématique ? Goethe ne l'aurait pas admis. Pour beaucoup encore, cette question ne se pose même pas tant elle peut sembler provocante et contre-nature. Dans une perspective à la fois historique et épistémologique, ce livre rend compte de travaux contemporains qui ont pourtant tous tenté de braver cet interdit. C'est en grande partie sur ce terrain, hautement problématique, que, dans les premières décennies du XXe siècle, on voit naître puis s'épanouir la pratique des modèles mathématiques appliquée aux sciences végétales. On voit en particulier que ces pratiques nouvelles de modélisation entrent en concurrence avec une tradition ancienne de théorisation mathématique des formes du vivant. C'est même devant les limites des essais théoriques récurrents que le tournant formel des modèles se confirme et permet des avancées incontestables. À l'heure où toutes les sciences à objets complexes parlent beaucoup de modèles et moins de théories, est-ce le signe d'une victoire de la « modélisation » au détriment de la « théorie » ? Cette victoire est-elle définitive ? Cela a-t-il toujours un sens de les opposer ? Et qu'en est-il des « lois » ? En proposant une analyse des travaux mais aussi des positions épistémologiques de certains scientifiques impliqués, en explicitant le sens de ce qui les rapproche, de ce qui les distingue ou les oppose, cet ouvrage montre que l'émergence, l'expansion puis la diversification des pratiques de modélisation formelle du vivant ont contribué, sur le terrain scientifique lui-même, à bousculer les rapports épistémologiques traditionnels entre théories, lois et modèles tels qu'ils nous ont été légués par la physique.

Une critique récurrente faite aux modèles multi-agents porte sur leur « validation ». Il est ainsi fréquent, lors de l'exposé d'un modèle, que la question de la validation, qui se veut être la question piège dans ce domaine, soit posée, plongeant le conférencier dans un embarras bien visible. Il est alors souvent répondu que le travail présenté est inachevé et que la phase de validation doit être abordée prochainement ou que le modèle est pour l'instant trop abstrait et devrait être raffiné avant que de s'intéresser à la validation (Cette dernière réponse, même si elle n'est pas toujours sincère, est une fuite en avant, si celui qui l'adopte espère atteindre un jour un modèle réduit parfait des phénomènes observés). La meilleure réponse consisterait à retourner la question : « Qu'entendez-vous par validation ? », « Quels sont, selon vous, les critères qui permettraient d'affirmer qu'un modèle multi-agents est validé ? ». Il serait alors régulièrement répondu qu'un modèle est validé lorsque ses valeurs de sortie sont « proches » des données observées, en reprenant une méthode de validation classique des modèles descriptifs, par exemple en économétrie. Certes, la comparaison des résultats de simulation avec des jeux de données empiriques constitue un exercice important qui s'inscrit dans le processus de modélisation. Mais est-ce suffisant pour conclure à la validité d'un modèle ? Sans parler des corrélations accidentelles, un grand nombre de problèmes, logiques, théoriques Chapitre rédigé par Frédéric AMBLARD, Juliette ROUCHIER et Pierre BOMMEL. Annexe 4.5 rédigée par Franck VARENNE et Denis PHAN.

A evolução robótica cada vez mais converge para a junção entre o conhecimento, força humana e automação mecânica. Os COBOTS, como estão sendo denominados os robôs colaborativos, desenvolvidos para trabalhar lado a lado com humanos, atualmente são os responsáveis por impulsionarem os estudos na área em busca de novas tecnologias e normas de segurança

The irreversibility in convective nanofluid flow in the occurrence of a magnetic field (MHD) in a cavity with chamfers is calculated by numerical approach. The nanofluid flow is considered under the impacts of magnetic field and thermal gradient. The continuity, motion and energy equations are solved by applying COMSOL Multiphysics computer package. The impacts of (Ha) Hartmann number, () elevation of magnetic field, nanoparticle volume fraction, heat transmission and entropy analysis on the flow of nanofluid are discussed. Results reveal that, the impacts of volume fraction and the magnetic force on different irreversibility are significant. Moreover, results indicate the existence of a critical (Ha c) Hartmann number this represents the frontier between the domains where the magnetic field dominates via its intrinsic effect and its extrinsic effect.

Thesis for the scientific degree of candidate of technical science in speciality 05.08.05 – marine power plants. – Odessa National Marine Academy, Odessa, 2006.
The thesis has the presented new undoing of scientific-applied task of effectiveness increase of power’s transmission in the ship’s propulsion complexes after the help you are the auxiliary frequency-guided asynchronous motor (AM) uses.
For leading of effectiveness increase of power’s transmission in the ship diesel propulsion complexes (SDPC) with the slow-speed engine (SSE) and pilot frequency-guided AM in the operating terms to such auxiliary tasks were decided: analysis of the modes of operations, receipt and comparison of SDPC descriptions in case of transmission of rotary energy to propeller ; formulation of technical and economic indices to SDPC, his rich in content model, necessary qualities and criteria of their estimation for providing the invariant adjusting of frequency of propeller’s rotation; development of functional, structural and principle diagrams of ship’s diesel-electrical propulsion complexes (SDEPC) with SSE and auxiliary pilot frequency-guided AM, which secures creation of additional guided variable-polarity moment on the line of propeller’s billow; mathematical design of power states, establishment of conformity to the law, principles and laws of management in SDEPC; imitation design of processes in the computer laboratory, optimization of the modes and experimental researches of transmission of power in SDEPC.

The first stage of our study is focused on demonstrating homogeneous and deep sulphur impregnation of porous carbonaceous material to create cathodes with more than 50 wt% sulphur in a supercapacitor-type, porous, host matrix. Repeated discharges are carried out after which we have achieved the theoretical specific capacity of sulphur at first discharge (cumulative curve in Figure 1). We shall continue with parametric studies to investigate the effect of different amounts of sulphur in the composite cathode on the pore size distribution and discharge capacity. The second part of this study includes the investigations into lithium battery-supercapacitor cells hybridised at electrode material level, in combinations of parallel and in series material parts in equivalent circuit models. The effect of the supercapacitor porous carbonaceous electrode materials on the voltage of the cell in galvanostatic charge-discharge curves will be presented in experimental investigations for half-cells of both sides and full cells. Some novel cell architectures will be presented aiming at minimising any detrimental reactions in the supercapacitor materials within the battery cell window.