Minerals

EKONOMI MINERAL
Deborah Bianca Elisabeth Lasut
073 00 14 00 135


Soal :
Jelaskan mengapa hal-hal berikut ini dapat disebut sebagai Indeks Prestasi Ekonomi.
A. Pendapatan nasional
B. Pertumbuhan ekonomi
C. Kestabilan ekonomi
D. Tingkat pengangguran
E. Inflasi
F. Neraca perdagangan
G. Neraca pembayaran
H. Kestabilan nilai mata uang

We utilized a vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene knockout model to study the effects of maternal and fetal absence of VDR on maternal fertility, fetal-placental calcium transfer, and fetal mineral homoeostasis. Vdr null mice were profoundly hypocalcemic, conceived infrequently, and had significantly fewer viable fetuses in utero that were also of lower body weight. Supplementation of a calcium-enriched diet increased the rate of conception in Vdr nulls but did not normalize the number or weight of viable fetuses. Among offspring of heterozygous ( Vdr+/−) mothers (wild type, Vdr+/−, and Vdr null fetuses), there was no alteration in serum Ca, P, or Mg, parathyroid hormone, placental 45Ca transfer, Ca and Mg content of the fetal skeleton, and morphology and gene expression in the fetal growth plates. Vdr null fetuses did have threefold increased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels accompanied by increased 1α-hydroxylase mRNA in kidney but not placenta; a small increase was also noted in placenta...

Cette deuxième livraison de la revue Gradalis fait suite à Limitis, premier opus qui, à même l’espace-frontière pyrénéen qui constitue le terrain d’exercice de la revue, a pratiqué des explorations à l’oblique, des régimes d’arpentage non « tirés au cordeau », pour reprendre la formule de Victor Hugo qui introduisait le volume, dans la perspective de réaliser un guide de voyage échappant aux modèles codifiés du genre. De la frontière pyrénéenne, les notations paysagères (textes, dessins, photographies, tracés cartographiques) du premier volume ont opéré le relevé des zones indéterminées, des friches, des territoires laissés pour compte, et ont contribué à nourrir l’exercice de fictions paysagères. De page en page, le recueil des impressions et le croisement des regards a permis la fabrique d’un lieu tiers, métis, commun au bon sens du terme. De ces premières esquisses a émergé un objet qui se singularise par son approche fragmentaire, a-hiérarchique. C’est dans la poursuite de cette ligne que s’inscrit ce nouvel opus.
Si les territoires de la frontière pyrénéenne en forment toujours le cadre de pratique, cette fois il ne s’agit plus d’y explorer, à l’horizontale, un réservoir de marqueurs identitaires, constituant – bien qu’en pointillés – cette ligne de démarcation entre deux Etats, mais plutôt d’investir leur verticalité, en tant que « multicouche » où se déposent des régimes de stratification, de sédimentation, des érosions, des fossiles, des configurations étagées.
Visions minérales : loin des sentiers du tourisme montagnard, balisés par sa conception classique (sites patrimoniaux, classement UNESCO, etc.) il s’agit de renouveler, par les détours de la vision, ce que peut être la visite. L’expression invite à prendre à parti ces deux termes, pour ce qu’ils conjuguent. Il s’agit d’engager des exercices de fiction (visuels aussi bien que textuels) à partir du terrain et de ses ressources matériologiques. Entendue en ce sens, l’expression « visions minérales » présuppose que l’on va s’adonner à un régime de vision (et corrélativement, de représentation paysagère) qui échappe au panoramique comme aux codifications géométriques qui règlent la vision d’ensemble. Cette proposition se démarque des référents historiques et culturels de la conception occidentale du paysage, lorsqu’ils proposent une alternative à la structure d’horizon, c’est-à-dire au paysage qui « s’estend jusqu’où la veüe peut porter », lorsqu’ils substituent aux lignes de perspective des « lignes de terre ».

The potential impacts of CO2 leakage from a natural subsurface reservoir on soil and water quality were studied. Field measurements of soil pore CO2 concentrations and visual inspection of plants at Mammoth Mountain, CA, allowed the demarcation of tree-kill and non-tree-kill zones, with CO2 concentrations >100,000 ppm and ∼ 1,000 ppm, respectively. Soils collected from six sites along a transect stretching from the center of the tree-kill zone to an equidistant point into the non-tree-kill zone were analyzed for surface area and organic carbon content. Batch and column leaching tests were conducted to determine the extent of weathering induced by the presence of CO2 in the aqueous solution. Soils deep into the tree-kill area exhibited significantly higher surface areas (10.67 m(2)/g vs 2.53 m(2)/g) and lower organic carbon content (9,550 mg/kg vs 35,550 mg/kg). Batch results indicated that lower pH values (∼ 2) released higher concentrations of Mg, Si, Fe, and As, while, for soils in the tree-kill zone, longer-term batch results indicated higher releases at the higher pH of 5.5. Column experiments were used to compare the effects of pH adjusted using HCl vs CO2. For pore volumes (PV) < 100, CO2 enhanced trace element release. For 100 < PV < 10,000 concentrations of elements in the two systems were equivalent and steady. At PV > 10,000, after a drop in pH in the CO2 system, larger amounts of Fe and As were released, suggesting a CO2-induced dissolution of Fe-silicates/clays and/or reductive dissolution of Fe(3+) that releases Fe-bound arsenic. The specific role of pore water-dissolved CO2 on the release of trace elements is hitherto unknown. However, interactions of pore-water CO2 and the minerals in the Mammoth Mountain soils can cause the release of environmental pollutants.

Penyusunan laporan ini dilaksanakan guna memenuhi tugas mata kuliah Pengantar Teknologi Mineral pada Program Studi Teknik Pertambangan, Sekolah Teknologi Nasional Yogyakarta (Institut Teknologi Nasional Yogyakarta)

Haris Nur Eka P 710017018

During the last decade, advances in the mineral nutrition of goats have been made, especially in our understanding of the requirements for Ca and P. However, few studies have focused on the mineral requirements of crossbred Boer goats in their growth phase. The objective of this study was to determine the macromineral (Ca, P, Mg, K, and Na) requirements for the maintenance and growth of ¾ Boer x ¼ Saanen crossbred (n = 34), intact male kids (20.5 ± 0.24 kg of initial BW). Two trials were conducted: one for maintenance and one for growth requirements. In the maintenance trial, 28 kids were used. The baseline group (BL) consisted of 7 randomly selected kids averaging 21.2 ± 0.36 kg BW and 122 d old. The remaining kids (n = 21, age of 168 ± 5 d) were randomly allocated into 7 slaughter groups (blocks) including 3 animals distributed among 3 levels of DMI (treatments: ad libitum and restricted to 70 or 40% of the ad libitum intake). The animals in a slaughter group were sl...

The laboratory rat is one of the most frequently-used animal models for studying bone biology and skeletal diseases. Here we show that a substantial portion of the cortical bone of mature rats is primary endochondral bone, consisting of a disorganized arrangement of mineralized collagen fibers. We characterize the structure and mechanical properties of the cortical bone of the rat. We show that the cortical bone consists of two architecturally distinct regions. One region, consisting of well-organized circumferential lamellae (CLB), is located in the endosteal and/or the periosteal regions while another, disorganized region, is located in the more central region of the cortex. Unexpectedly, we found that the disorganized region contains many islands of highly mineralized cartilage. Micro tomography showed different structural and compositional properties of the two primary structural elements; the CLB region has lower mineral density, lower porosity, larger but fewer blood vessels and fewer lacunae. However, no difference was found in the average lacunar volume. Additionally the mean indentation modulus of the CLB region was lower than that of the disorganized region. The islands of calcified cartilage were found to be extremely stiff, with an indentation modulus of 33.4 ± 3.5GPa. We conclude that though the cortical bone of rats is in part lamellar, its architecture is markedly different from that of the cortical bone of humans, a fact that must be borne in mind when using the rat as a model animal for studies of human bone biology and disease.

This thesis summarizes the history of precious metals´ ore mining in the foot-hills of the Jeseníky, particularly of the mines in Horní Město and its local parts.
The first and the second chapter of the theoretical part deal with geomorphology and geology of the Czech Republic and particularised description of these two parameters in analysed locality Horní Město. Each subchapter of the first part pushes ahead particular geomorphological and geological regions in Czech Republic. In the third chapter the history of the mine district Horní Město is chronologically described. Main intention is to give occurrences in context of medieval circumstances. This is the main purpose of the fourth chapter, where the situation of the mining industry at the Czech Kingdom in this period of Czech history is clarified.
The practical part is comprised of two chapters (5 and 6) which are dealing with the remnants of the mining industry and its impacts on the life conditions in Horní Město and the research in the field of mineralogy and petrology.

Son yılların en fazla gündeme taşınan konularından biri olan “Coğrafi İşaret” uygulaması zanaat ürünlerinden yemeklere, tarım ürünlerinden jeolojik değerlere değin pek çok ürün grubunu kapsamaktadır. Söz konusu uygulama esasında belli ve de temel özelliğini sınırlı bir coğrafi sahadan alan ürünlerin kalitesini koruyarak ilerleyen yıllarda da aynı kalitede varlığını korumasını sağlamak amacıyla geliştirilmiş, Fransa çıkışlı bir uygulamadır. Söz konusu uygulamayla ülkelerin birer alamet-i farikası olan ürünler için hem sürdürebilirlik temelli bir üretim politikası benimsenmekte hem de ürünlerde zamanla meydana gelebilecek dejenerasyonun önüne geçilmek hedeflenmektedir. Bir kısım jeolojik değerler de bu kapsamda koruma altına alınarak ilerleyen süreçte taklit ürünlerle ulusal ve uluslararası pazarlarda yaşanabilecek haksız rekabetin önüne geçilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Burada jeolojik değerlerle dikkat çeken husus coğrafi işaret kapsamında orta ve uzun vadede sürdürülebilirliği mümkün olamayacak tek ürün grubu olmasıdır. Nitekim bahis konusu bu doğal kaynaklar, aynı zamanda tükenebilir kaynaklardır. Türkiye’de de coğrafi işaret konusuna yoğun bir şekilde eğilinmesiyle jeolojik değerler de hızla bu kapsamda koruma altına alınmaya başlamıştır. 2019 itibariyle Türkiye’nin toplam 9 jeolojik değeri coğrafi işaret kapsamına alınmıştır. Öte yandan Türkiye’nin bu anlamda potansiyelinin çok yüksek bir ülke olduğunun da belirtilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de coğrafi işaret kapsamına alınabilecek doğal taşlar, mineraller ve taş işlemeciliği ürünlerinden toplam 23 değer ele alınmıştır.

Recently, tissue engineering has been introduced as a regenerative treatment for bone defects. There is some evidence showing bone regeneration from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) loaded on hydroxyapatite β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) as a scaffold in large defects. This study aimed to compare the quality and quantity of regenerated bone using Bio-Oss, HA/TCP and MSC loaded HA/TCP scaffolds. Mesenchymal stem cells were aspirated from iliac crest bone marrow after extracting the first, second and third premolars and the first molar in five mature hybrid dogs. The cells were cultured and their osteogenic differentiation potential was evaluated after the third cell passage using Alizarin red staining in experimental conditions. The HA/TCP scaffold (3 × 3 × 3 mm) was loaded with undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells. Bilateral bone defects were then prepared in the jaws using trephine burs. The defects were randomly filled with HA/TCP, Bio-Oss, or HA/TCP + MSCs. One defect served as a...