Media Innovation

Euskarazko komunikabideek digitalizazio garaian dituzten desafioei erreparatzen die aurkezpen honek: hedabide horien audientziak ikertu dira lehenengo eta behin; ikus-entzunezko industrian gertatzen ari den paradigma-aldaketan sakondu da hurrena, eta digitalizazioa komunikazio munduari zelan eragiten ari zaion ere azaldu da. Kinka horretan, komunikazio munduan azken urteotan berrikuntza eta sormena
sustatzeko xedez jaio diren laborategi eta ikasketen oinarriak deskribatu dira, bide hori euskarazko sormen-ekosistema bat zurkaizteko aukera baliagarria izan daitekeelakoan; komunikabideak, unibertsitateak eta administrazio publikoa lirateke sormen-ekosistema horren hiru erpinak.

The second wave of Internet development (2000-2015) that enabled the app economy and mobile revolution is moving into the third wave of exponential connectivity era (2016- ) of Internet of Things, in which big data and algorithmic logic are taking the lead to help us deal with the uncertainty and our disoriented or “tribal” relationship to “truth seeking”.
Major legacy media such as the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, The Guardian and innovative journalism scaling up startups such as Quartz, Vox, ProPublica and BuzzFeed are investing in data-first, story-centric, computational journalism approaches, in search of providing more accuracy, more transparency and deeper engagement with the communities or audiences they aim to serve. Algorithms and automation are trusted to manage and correlate data, hard science facts and information, to provide context, understanding, to tell stories that matter. All embedded in big data.
In this paper we present our work in progress of an ethnographic qualitative research, taking as case studies two data-led newsrooms in the US, where there is a very strong and influential data journalism community of scholars and media professionals.
We aim to shed a close-up light on how the organizational context of data journalism production impacts the evolution of two data-led newsrooms, taking the cases of one leading legacy organization (MarketWatch) and one digital-native, data-led by design organization (Quartz), focusing on their data- driven news work-flows, collaborations and challenges between journalists and data editors to produce data storytelling, and possible newsroom redesigns to mirror new data-led priorities and role dynamics.
We conclude with presenting two different newsroom models and work-flows, one data- “centric” and one data-“remote” model followed by some suggestions for future research and some thoughts on the new challenges ahead in a rich interconnected data-immersed society and humanity.

Nowadays, new media generate new models of cultural production. In order to determine their potential and effectiveness, the issues of its innovation need to be taken into account. The aim of this article has been to look at the culture management through the prism of a cultural product, namely to capture the essence of innovation management
of a new media product. It is assumed that the cultural development results partly from the development of specific products. Culture exhibits commercial aspects, hence it is reasonable to consider the problems of its innovation. The problematic nature of the indicated permanent creativity of the cultural sector (especially the media sector), and
implicitly its innovation, shall be suspended on the assumption that innovation takes place when invention is being commercialised.
In the first place, based on the critical analysis of the existing findings, the specific nature of a cultural product and its specific example - media product - will be determined.
Then, product innovation, which stresses the so far overlooked product's performative  aspect, will be defined. Thanks to the analysis that assumes a gradual transition from the most general to the more and more detailed issues, the emphasis will be put on the complexity of the phenomenon and the numerous contexts that should be included in the research, in order to capture the innovative cultural mechanism. The
above-mentioned findings will allow the elements of the media product innovation model to be determined, which has been our methodological goal. As a result of metatheoretical analyses of the current interdisciplinary research achievements, located at the crossroads of various disciplines and areas of cultural practice, media product innovation matrix will be created.
New media will constitute the subject of our detailed research and simultaneously will serve as a test for the developed tool. For the pilot analysis, Kontakt24.pl and innovations introduced to the website during its redesign in 2014 were selected. The analysis was carried out in the context of the hybrid, technological and content nature of media
product.

Journalism studies is a relatively young field trying to make sense of a relatively fast-moving scholarly object – news. The matter of time is emerging as a particularly vexing challenge: When so much seems to be changing, and so quickly, how are journalism studies researchers to discern meaningful developments as opposed to short-term ephemera? This essay argues for 'temporal reflexivity', a way of fostering critical judgment about whether some phenomenon is indeed a break from what came before, a continuation of what has existed, or some middle-ground mutation. Such thinking reveals how temporality is embedded within journalism studies, driving assumptions and incentives about how and what to research – as well as what not to research. In particular, we apply the lens of temporal reflexivity to discuss issues of time and attention across three key areas of concern for journalism studies' development as a field: first, the need for an analytical approach that balances change and stasis; second, the need to address issues of scale in which it is difficult to discern passing fads from deeper shifts that may lead to new institutional forms; and third, the need to understand the complicated and circular role of journalism education, both in reinforcing discourses of 'crisis' and 'innovation' and in lending stability to the boundaries of journalism as professionalized practice. In all, this essay opens up ways of considering the taken-for-granted temporal implications of research questions and pedagogical practices in journalism studies.

Los chatbots construidos sobre plataformas de mensajería privada constituyen un instrumento sencillo, de comunicación
directa y personalizada con el público. Tienen numerosas ventajas gracias a la posibilidad de automatizar el proceso de producción
y distribución de contenidos, e incluso para seguir en vivo eventos o acontecimientos “noticiosos”. De forma paulatina,
los medios están adaptando sus estrategias al uso de estas herramientas. Esta investigación presenta los resultados de
un grupo de discusión con expertos profesionales de siete importantes medios españoles que tiene como objetivo conocer
el fenómeno bot en España. Los resultados revelan que los medios se encuentran en una fase inicial en la adopción de esta
tecnología, aunque cuentan con experiencias de éxito sobre temas puntuales o ligadas a acontecimientos concretos como
la cobertura de elecciones o eventos deportivos. El target de estos canales lo componen millennials de 25 a 35 años, muy
activos, que demandan contenidos específicos.

En el actual escenario convergente, la renovación de las formas de expresión en los medios de comunicación permanece en movimiento. Desde el periodismo, el nacimiento de géneros propiamente ciberperiodísticos, la aparición de nativos digitales y la redefinición de los medios tradicionales al instalarse en la red han provocado una serie de experimentaciones para adaptarse a los recursos que ofrece el medio digital y establecerse en un nuevo ecosistema1.
Los nuevos formatos para informar tienden a ser long-form, multimedia e interactivos, vinculados con nuevas corrientes como el periodismo inmersivo y transmedia que apuestan por una integración de la tecnología y las plataformas con el papel activo de los usuarios. En este estudio, se analiza la producción de formatos multimedia en tres medios de diferente naturaleza: Radiotelevisión Española (televisión, radio; España), El País Cali (prensa escrita; Colombia) y National Public Radio (radio; Estados Unidos). Tras explorar su actividad en el periodo 2016-2017, se selecciona un caso de cada uno de ellos para poner en valor la renovación de narrativas periodísticas a través de recursos como la gamificación, la interactividad y la realidad virtual.
Palabras clave: ciberperiodismo, multimedia, interactividad, formato, innovación, comunicación.

This book uncovers how music experience–live and recorded–is changing along with the use of digital technology in the 2000s. Focussing on the Nordic region, this volume is inspired by the theory of mentalization: the capacity to perceive and interpret what others are thinking and feeling, and applies it to the analysis of mediated forms of agency in popular music. The rise of new media in music production has enabled sound recording and processing to occur more rapidly and in more places, including the live concert stage. Digital technology has also introduced new distribution and consumption technologies that allow record listening to be more closely linked to the live music experience. The use of digital technology has therefore facilitated an expanding range of activities and experiences with music. Here, Yngvar Kjus addresses a topic that has a truly global reach that is of interest to scholars of musicology, media studies and technology studies.

La industria mediática está inmersa en un proceso de constante cambio. Las empresas informativas deben adaptarse a las nuevas tecnologías y hábitos de consumo. Sin embargo, las grandes infraestructuras y la rigidez de los procesos y mentalidades en la mayoría de medios dificultan esta adaptación y dejan espacio para nuevos actores innovadores y flexibles: las startups. En este artículo se emplea el método del estudio de casos para analizar cuatro iniciativas en el ámbito español, Politibot, Cuonda, Datadista y Newskid. Se emplean cuestionarios realizados a sus fundadores y al estudio del alcance de los proyectos mediante documentación. Se aprecia que estas empresas apuestan por explorar nuevos formatos, canales de distribución y vías de ingreso mediante el uso de la tecnología y dirigen sus esfuerzos a nichos temáticos. Se realza así la importancia de la flexibilidad, la mentalidad abierta y los equipos de trabajo multidisciplinares.

The notion of embeddedness, as it was first introduced into economics and economical sociology, refers to the degree to which economic activity is constrained by non-economic factors. In this paper, I argue that the process of digitalization is similarly embedded within non-technological contexts. Digitalization is further a historical process, whose outcome is also the result of actions, decisions and events in the past, as highlighted by terms such as path dependence and lock-in. The notion of embeddedness functions as a starting point for the analysis of digitalization processes, especially as they are played out in media industry contexts. Drawing on examples from my PhD project on digitalization in the Norwegian book industry (Colbjørnsen, 2014), I present a framework model of Embedded Digitalization (ED), which includes elements from the institutional context such as the structure and dynamics of industry and organizations, features of market and policy, as well as technological aspects. Besides arguing for the relevance of embeddedness as a useful concept in media studies, the paper also presents a discussion and definition of the concepts digitization and digitalization, often used interchangeably. The paper is mainly a theoretical contribution, but is grounded in real-life contexts from case studies in media and book industry innovation. After a short introduction to various theories of technological change, the paper presents different understandings of digitalization, before moving on to the concept of embeddedness and finally merging these in the framework dubbed embedded digitalization. By broadening the concept and placing digitalization within an institutional context, I hope to contribute to a more focused discourse on digital developments. In my thesis (Colbjørnsen, 2014), this takes the form of several analyses of actual digitalization processes in book publishing, where I argue that a purely technical outlook on digital publishing (conversion, sampling, quantization, compression etc.) fails to capture how digital publishing connects with, among other things, historical processes in the book industry, changes in the status of the book as an object, continuities of design, marketing and usage, political struggles over legitimacy and several other broader issues. Please note that the paper is based on a thesis under consideration by the doctoral committee and should not be cited from. As the concept has only been applied empirically to digitalization in the book industry, its wider applicability needs to be tested.

Hiring decisions can be risky. How much can employers save by better understanding the motivations and objectives of each applicant?  How much time and expertise should be invested in getting to know each applicant? Will such efforts raise the return on investment?  What are the shortcomings and deficits of the criteria to evaluate, compare and rank applicants?  How do they need to get changed to reflect the shift in the relative order of job skills between employees when the composition of the team (total of all employees) changes by hiring, firing or replacing?  A job description combines tasks and steps to a random set of job responsibilities.  But could there be better ways to bundle tasks together and to look for the most qualified applicant for this particular arbitrarily defined task bundle?  Could the employer benefit from regrouping all small tasks, which a company must perform, by changing which and how many small job tasks will be bundled together in different job descriptions?  And if so, how can reassigning each little tasks from different jobs to the most suitable employee (task-centered approach) instead of looking for the most qualified applicant for a particular job (job-centered approach) help in improving productivity and profitability?  How and why will the new task-centered approach help to increase the workforce diversity more than the job-centered approach?  How can reassigning tasks help disabled and handicapped lacking essential job functions to get hired anyways?  How can employers benefit from not only looking for the most qualified applicant for any particular job (i.e. arbitrarily bundle of tasks and steps) Why does the task-centered based hiring decision benefit employees, employees, applicants and disabled job-seekers more than job-centered based hiring decisions?  What are the benefits to seek the best employee for each task (task-centered) instead of the most qualified applicant for a particular job?  How can employers benefit from a paradigm shift replacing the job-centered with the task-centered hiring perspective?  How can the multi-dimensional effects, which different combinations of employees (i.e. teams) on the overall productivity and profitability be measured?  How much welfare and unemployment benefits could be saved if employers were aware of the additional benefits when making task or employee based hiring decisions instead of exclusively looking for the most qualified applicant?  How can reassigning job-tasks to different employees help applicants to become the most qualified job-seeker despite lacking essential job functions?  How could employers be convinced that they'd benefit most from reassigning tasks from different jobs to the employee most qualified for a particular task instead of only looking for the best applicant for a particular job consisting of an arbitrary bundle of tasks?

If you could ask a journalist anything – what would it be? The Norwegian online paper VG.no was not sure what to expect when it launched its general " Question and Answers " forum in 2014 as an integrated part of a complex live studio. In this chapter, I examine which topics the readers raise and how the journalists respond to them in samples from 2014 and 2016. I also discuss which roles the journalists take on when acting as studio hosts, and to what extent these micro-dialogues contribute to a more open or even subjective kind of journalism. The analysis shows that the hosts throughout both periods alternate between four main roles: the neutral news oracle; the online pathfinder; the comforting psychologist and the like-minded buddy. The hosts mirror the styles and relationships suggested by the readers, unless the readers ask for their professional or private opinions. In that case, the hosts step back into a traditional news discourse. The relationship between each individual reader and the answering journalist therefore remains pseudo-intimate, as the host might get personal, but not subjective. However, the textual environment turns more hostile during 2015, and in the 2016 material the readers take a more critical stance towards VG.no's journalism in general, and immigrants in particular. Consequently, the hosts increasingly act as verbal sparring partners , which constitutes a fifth and somewhat more confrontational journalistic role.

Internet es un medio de comunicación con entidad propia y con características que difieren de las de la prensa escrita, la radio y la televisión (Salaverría, 2005). Para poder continuar su desarrollo, el periodismo digital requiere unas rutinas productivas específicas que se adapten a las demandas y posibilidades del nuevo medio. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar cómo la innovación en la organización de las empresas mediáticas y, sobre todo, en las redacciones guarda una estrecha relación con la creación de un producto informativo que se adapte al medio digital. En concreto, la investigación analiza la influencia mutua entre la creación de equipos de trabajo multidisciplinares y flexibles dentro de las redacciones, y la forma de organizar los contenidos dentro de los propios medios. Algunos proyectos innovadores ya han prescindido de las secciones, que han sido sustituidas por obsesiones o temas de interés en torno a los que agrupar a periodistas polivalentes y con un perfil de especialización temática complementaria entre sí. Se ofrece así una información más completa y contextualizada a los usuarios. En este capítulo se repasan, por medio de observaciones y entrevistas, los casos de Quartz y eldiario.es, medios que han seguido este camino en mayor o menor medida.

The Business Model Canvas is a strategic management and lean start-up template can be used as aid for developing a new, or analyzing and mapping an existing business model of a company. It is a visual chart with elements describing a firm or product's value proposition, infrastructure, customers, and finances. It assists firms in aligning their activities by illustrating potential trade-offs. It gives a graphic representation of a number of variables that show the values of the organisation.

A business model is a description of how your business intends to operate and make money. Sounds simple, RIGHT?

The combination of technological, organizational, and societal change constitutes a highly
dynamic and complex research setting for Digital Journalism Studies, calling for processoriented
and inclusive research perspectives. At the same time, journalistic organizations have to
generate sustainable innovativeness and creativity to remain relevant in these times of change.
Action research offers a framework for research collaborations between scholars and practitioners,
generating holistic and solution-oriented outcomes of value for science and practice. With
the clear intention to induce change, action research starts with the reflection on practice with a
view to improving it. This article argues for more action research in Digital Journalism Studies,
elaborating on the opportunities for science and practice. A current action research project in
Switzerland is introduced and evaluated to give an impression of this research culture. The
remaining challenges derived from experiences in this project are also discussed.

Este artículo desarrolla un estudio de los contenidos sobre población extranjera en los medios de comunicación tomando como referencia de estudio el soporte móvil. El fin es llevar a cabo una aproximación al tratamiento que reciben los temas relacionados con los inmigrantes en los medios, buscando tendencias y las posibles innovaciones a nivel de contenido. ¿Siguen siendo los temas de sucesos los más numerosos cuando se habla de población extranjera?
Para lograr esta meta se concretan dos objetivos: conocer los textos publicados sobre temas que afectan a los inmigrantes y conocer si mantienen la misma línea que las atribuidas por los investigadores en relación a los contenidos y secciones en los que la población extranjera es protagonista.
La metodología consistirá en el análisis de contenido tomando como estudio de caso la app para soporte móvil del diario Información y, en concreto, los textos publicados que hacen referencia a la población extranjera o inmigrantes. El estudio permitirá conocer a nivel cuantitativo el número de textos en relación al todo, y a nivel cualitativo los temas que desarrollan esos textos. De esta manera conoceremos el interés general que presta el medio a los asuntos sobre población extranjera y cómo es este acercamiento.