Food Sovereignty & Food Security

This paper discusses the local food procurement goals articulated in the 2014 food services contract between Chartwells, a subsidiary of the TNC Compass Group Canada, and Trent University in Peterborough, Ontario. It examines a range of perspectives on sustainable food systems, drawing on
localization and food sovereignty discourses, to analyzes the role of food service corporations in campus food system reform. This paper employs Holt-Gimenez and Shattuck’s (2011) analytical framework of neo-liberal reformist, progressive, and radical movements to investigate the extent to which corporate food service providers’ local procurement initiatives are contributing to more substantive campus food system change. Based on the author’s work in various areas of the Trent food system to date, this paper contends that Compass Group’s platform of campus food service sustainability is based in a neo-liberal reformist ideology and practice. Although corporate-led neo-liberal reforms do not seek structural
change, it is suggested that corporate food service contracts with higher educational institutions can provide an impetus for alliances between those working from progressive and radical perspectives toward a more ecologically sustainable, socially just, and food secure future. Such alliances can help to build organizational capacity in these groups, and may help to facilitate more radical and substantive campus food system changes, although the role of corporate institutional food service providers (IFSPs) in such transformations remains unclear.

Artículo que describe las luchas y las estrategias culturales por el derecho al territorio, por parte de un mercado popular para ejercer su derecho al territorio, a no ser desplazado por procesos de presión del suelo y de mercado alimentario.

Energy projects may profoundly impact Indigenous peoples. We consider effects of Canada's proposed Trans Mountain oil pipeline expansion on the health and food sovereignty of the Tsleil-Waututh Nation (TWN) through contamination and impeded access to uncontaminated traditional foods. Federal monitoring and TWN documentation show elevated shellfish biotoxin levels in TWN's traditional territory near the terminus where crude oil is piped. Although TWN restoration work has reopened some shellfish-harvesting sites, pipeline expansion stands to increase health risk directly through rising bioaccumulating chemical toxins as well as through increased hazardous biotoxins. Climate change from increased fossil fuel use, expected via pipeline expansion, also threatens to increase algae blooms through higher temperature and nutrient loading. As the environmental impact assessment process failed to effectively consider these local health concerns in addition to larger impacts of climate change, new assessment is needed attending to linked issues of equity, sustainability and Indigenous food sovereignty.

Death caused by hunger may overcome the deaths derived from a conventional war. Therefore, food should be considered as a central issue of National Security of any country. However, the concept of National Security has evolved in that direction only with the end of the Cold War and with the public awareness that the global changes could  exacerbate  tensions  related  to  food  and  water  shortages.  Accordingly,  this monograph presents a conceptual evolution of the food issue, within the context of National Security. Initially, international concern rested on four dimensions: availability, access,  stability  and  food  consumption,  i.e.,  Food  Security.  With  the  growth  of unintended  food  contamination  events,  in  the  decades  of  1980  and  1990,  the population began to demand rules and regulations to ensure the quality of food, i.e., Food Safety.Finally, with the resurgence of terrorist actions in the early 21st century, Governments began to question the entire vulnerability of their transnational food chain, leading to the development of standards and regulations that consider the Food Defense. The situation of Brazil was faced with international scenarios outlined in order to suggest a greater attention of the Ministry of Defense with Brazilian agriculture because of its important role in the five expressions of national power. Possible threats to national agribusiness were discussed, involving: vulnerabilities to cyber-attacks, technical barriers to the export of Brazilian agricultural products, agroterrorism, land grab, dependence on external inputs and lack of strategic stocks. Some suggestions of  joint  actions  between  the  Brazilian  Ministry  of  Defense  and  the  Ministry  of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply were presented.

Couverture du premier numéro de la "Revue des sciences agronomiques et d'ingénierie biologique appliquée du Kivu" (Kivu Journal of applied biosciences engineering". De la faculté d'agronomie de la l'Université catholique de Bukavu, RDCongo. Numéro 1, juillet 2018. Paris, L'Harmattan, 2019.

This article interrogates the significance of education as an engine for nation building and transformation of citizens in
Zimbabwe. The curriculum has been in the past marred by colonial permutations and emphasised theory than practice.
This intensified the need to revamp the curriculum so that it will address the needs and aspirations of Zimbabwe’s
populous myopic view that theoretical and intellectual education is the effective way to be undertaken. Hence,
curriculum should be re-conceptualized to reflect the local context and ways of understanding and deconstructing the
colonial narratives and mind set .Drawing from curriculum theory and Hall and Hord’s (2001) Concerns Based Adoption
Model, this study opines that though education in particular has played a pivotal role in the enhancement and
transformation of citizens in Africa during the post-independence era, the curriculum needs to be fostered and used as a
catalyst for nation building. Education has been advocated as the ultimate tool that can emancipate the world from the
shackles of ignorance, poverty, inequality and underdevelopment. This is clearly reflected in various tasks and projects
found in educational policies and frameworks which include enhancing the provision and access to education, language
policies, indigenous knowledge systems and the revamping of the school curriculum to enable it to be relevant to the
current national ideals and vision. Conclusively, Zimbabwean government has made strides in changing the curriculum
to align it with current global trends and initiatives which include ICT, heritage studies, mass displays and STEM to
enhance innovativeness towards empowering learners with specific kind of education ideal for intellectual and national
development.

Books and articles supporting a local food movement have become commonplace, with popular authors such as Wendell Berry, Barbara Kingsolver, and Michael Pollan espousing the virtues of eating locally. At the same time, others have critiqued the local food movement as failing to achieve its stated ends or as having negative unintended consequences. In this chapter, we provide a general analysis of local food movements, specifically separating this complex phenomenon into three distinct sub-movements. During this analysis, we pay particular attention to how sub-movements conceptualize people, food, and the roles that individuals, communities, and political institutions play when trying to bring about change. We argue that understanding these sub-movements is necessary for understanding and interacting with both local food’s supporters and its detractors.

Hardly a meal is eaten without bread in Morocco. Despite a nutritional transition mirroring the global trend towards more sugar, fat and animal protein, cereals, largely in the form of bread, remain highly valued and the unchallenged staple food. At the same time bread is politically sensitive, for the legitimacy of the government historically rests on the provision of cheap flour and bread to its urban citizens. Notwithstanding a general tendency towards economic liberalization, the production, distribution and consumption of wheat are still controlled by the government, not least due to continuing urbanization and persistently high rates of poverty, which have contributed to political revolutions in neighbouring countries. In this context, what cereals are eaten and how they are made into bread is meaningful not only culturally, but also economically and politically. To capture the multiple values of bread and to analyze their material and symbolic entanglements, I think of poor and recently urbanized Moroccans as 'cereal citizens'. Based on the premise that bodily practices are central to the creation of meaning and value, I argue that, in selecting cereals and making bread, recently urbanized poor Moroccans craft an ambivalent sense of belonging that celebrates their rural origins while accepting their dependence on cheap, largely imported wheat. In doing so, they assert themselves as political subjects, and their daily practices of bread-making can be considered a civic practice.

Improving food security in Woliso woreda closely related with the elimination and reduction of poverty at woreda and
individual level. Some of the rural household in Woliso woreda is suffer by food insecurity. Therefore, this study was investigated the
determinants of food insecurity in the study area through using extended primary data.
The main objective of this study is to identify the main determinants of food insecurity rural household and its coping up
mechanisms. The study regarding data requires collecting reliable information regarding food insecurity; data was collected from
both primary and secondary data source. The primary data was collected from the rural household dwellers in Woliso rural kebeles
through structured questionnaires and interview. Regarding secondary data was collected from different research papers that have
do on food insecurity and also was collected from relevant institution such as Woliso woreda agriculture and rural development
and Disaster prevention and preparedness commission office as well as published and un published data sources. A simple random
sampling method will be employed to select the sampling units. The main significant of this study is creating awareness to the rural
household and the woreda administrative leader about the determinants and the final result as well as the mechanism how to
resolve the problem of food insecurity in the Woliso woreda rural household. In addition to these, the study is forward the concrete
recommendation, which implies helping to improve food insecurity through basic policy implication and the participation of the
rural household

This chapter revisits a widely publicized political debate over the mass introduction of commodity foods into the US-occupied Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands during the late 1970s. Using Pohnpei as a case example, the chapter examines the implications of past colonial food policies on the contemporary health crises of the island's Indigenous population. It also underscores the centrality of traditional food sovereignty practices, while illustrating the strategies that Indigenous peoples use to respond to the introduction of foreign goods, technologies, and values.

In Nigeria, agriculture still remains a crucial sector, employing over 70 percent of the force, serving as a potential vehicle for diversifying the economy and enabling economic development. As a critical sector of the economy that seeks to reduce poverty, attain poverty and food security, agriculture is the principal source of food and livelihood in Nigeria. Other important benefits of the agricultural sector to the Nigerian economy include: provision of food, contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), provision of employment, provision of raw materials for agro-allied industries and generation of foreign exchange. Agricultural exports were the main source of foreign exchange earnings until the early 1970s. While agriculture and oil composed about 65 percent and 5 percent of GDP respectively when Nigeria got independence in 1960, the sectors accounted for about 32 percent and 37 percent, respectively in 2006. Today agriculture contributes about 45 per cent of our country’s GDP and employs around two-third of the workforce, including 90 per cent of the rural population.  Sustainable development as a concept has been described as development that meets the needs of the present generation, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their food requirement. Therefore adoption of developmental policies and practices that will ensure sustainable technologies and resource efficient farming systems are necessary for optimum food production.