Epigraphy (Archaeology)

Abstract: Whilst one of the most prestigious cults in Antiquity, the Greek and Roman worship to the god Herakles settle down on an ancient Phoenician liturgy dedicated to the god Melqart. With the support of epigraphy, textual documentation and archaeological material culture, it is possible to establish the differences and the proximities of these two deities. In this article, I will present some of the main theories on the origin of the divinized ancestral until its recognition as the Greek hero via interpretatio graeca, which culminated in the identification of the Far West of the Mediterranean as the famous Herakles/Melqart Pillars.

Resumen: Enquanto um dos cultos mais prestigiados na Antiguidade, a vene-ração grega e romana ao deus Héracles e Hércule se estabeleceu sobre uma antiga liturgia fenícia dedicada ao deus Melqart. Com o suporte da epigrafia, da documentação textual e da cultura material arqueológica é possível estabelecer as diferenças e as proximidades dessas duas divindades. Nesse artigo apresen-taremos algumas das principais teorias sobre a origem do culto desse ancestral divinizado até a sua identificação com o herói grego via interpretatio graeca, essa que culminou no reconhecimento do Extremo Ocidente do Mediterrâneo en-quanto as Colunas de Héracles/Melqart. Resumen: Como uno de los cultos más prestigiosos de la Antigüedad, la vene-ración griega y romana del dios Heracles se estableció sobre una antigua litur-gia fenicia dedicada al dios Melqart. Con el apoyo de la epigrafía, la documen-tación textual y del material arqueológico, es posible establecer las diferencias y la proximidad de estas dos deidades. En este artículo presentaremos algunas de las principales teorías sobre el origen de la adoración de este ancestro deificado hasta su identificación con el héroe griego a través de interpretatio graeca, que culminó en la identificación del Extremo Occidente del Mediterráneo Oriental como las columnas de Heracles/Melqart.

In my earlier papers have seen that the Vedic Culture evolved in the Indus-Gaggar Valleys from around 8000 BCE and produced the Mature IVC from around 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE and continued into the present with an unbroken civilisational history of 10000 years!The vedic dharma produced the largest corpus of world literature comprising religion,science,medicine, and fiction during the third,second and first millenniums BCE and the first millennium CE.However,during the first millennium BCE,the vedic dharma saw the development of two mainstream branches namely Jainism and Buddhism.In this article we are looking into the modified use of the IVC sarman/ dharma/ grantha/KRshNa/Saraswati symbolisms and principles by the sramaNa(dharma-na/ samana/ Mal.amana)  priests of these new vedic religious sects.

This book it is neither a manual about epigraphy, papyrology, or paleography albeit it has all the characteristics and analogies to be considered as such. Instead, its innovative nature lies in a new and more complete image of the ancient documents from the viewpoint of the scholars who study them. The time to overcome misleading barriers and definitions is overdue. Today, more than ever, such concepts, which came to be during specific cultural and political periods, show their weak scholarly foundations. Consequently, following Karl Popper' s brilliant statement that "we study not disciplines, but problems, and often problems transcend the boundaries of a particular discipline": epigraphs, papyri, tabulae, parchment, graffiti, paintings, and so forth will be treated as one with the unique objective to give the reader the skills needed to read an ancient document, regardless of its writing surface and script type (Majuscule, Minuscule, Cursive, Capitals, Uncial, etc.) and with applied methodology reconstruct its context in order to obtain the largest amount of possible information.

Therefore, this manual is formed of two sections: The first part presents a history of writing, its surface support materials, instruments, and types of scripts, the essential elements of paleography and a history of the book. Whereas the second part of the manual takes on the analyses between the most prominent documents (epigraphs, papyri, manuscripts) which convey the history of Rome from the Archaic Period to Late Antiquity.


Questo libro non è tanto un manuale di epigrafia né di papirologia e neppure di paleografia, sebbene ne mostri di tutti caratteri e affinità. Il suo carattere innovativo piuttosto consiste in una visione nuova e più completa dello studioso dei documenti provenienti dall' antichità. Sono infatti maturi i tempi per superare artificiosi steccati e definizioni sorti storicamente in momenti culturali e politici precisi, che oggi, ancor più che nel passato, mostrano la loro debolezza scientifica. E poiché non siamo studiosi di certe materie, bensì di problemi. E i problemi possono passare attraverso i confini di qualsiasi materia o disciplina secondo un luminoso insegnamento di Karl Popper epigrafi, papiri, tavolette, pergamene, graffiti su cocci o intonaci, pitture, ecc., saranno oggetto di una trattazione unitaria finalizzata a trasmettere al lettore le necessarie competenze per leggere un documento antico, a prescindere dal suo supporto scrittorio e dal tipo di scrittura utilizzata (capitale, maiuscola, corsiva, minuscola, onciale, ecc.), e con metodo ricostruirne il contesto per ricavarne così ogni informazione possibile.
Il manuale è, dunque, articolato in due parti. Una parte generale dedicata alla storia della scrittura, ai materiali scrittori, alla storia del libro, alle varietà di scritture, agli elementi essenziali della paleografia. Mentre, nella seconda parte speciale, contiene si affronta l' analisi tra i più importanti importanti documenti (epigrafi, papiri, manoscritti) che attraversano la storia di Roma dall' età arcaica a quella tardoantica

Orazio Licandro

Year: 2020
Edizione: L'ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER
Series
Manuali L'ERMA, 4
ISBN: 9788891309907
Binding: Brossura
Pages: 304
Size: 17 x 24 cm

After many years of conducting non-destructive tests such as tomography and RTI-PTM, among others, on this stele of Amenhotep II making an offering to Amun-Re, the results confirmed that it underwent a number of alterations, i.e., erasures and recarvings of some hieroglyphic signs and images. Further research will be necessary to establish detailed knowledge of their chronology and significance.

RESUMEN En el presente artículo el autor reedita las siguientes veinte inscripciones funerarias de Aptera en Creta: ICret. II, III, Nos. 23-37 und 39-43. ABSTRACT «Funeral inscriptions in Aptera». The author of the paper republishes the following twenty funerary inscriptions from the city of Aptera in Crete: ICret. II, III, Nos. 23-37 und 39-43. KEY WORDS: Greek Epigraphy. Aptera. Crete. Para una buena parte de las inscripciones recogidas en el corpus, ya antiguo, de inscripciones cretenses de M. Guarducci (1935-1950) no se ha realizado una revi-sión de los textos ni una actualización de los diferentes datos referentes a cada ins-cripción. Se debe tener en cuenta además que en no pocas de las inscripciones reco-gidas en la edición de Guarducci la autora no realizó una autopsia de los textos, sino que se basó en los datos de los editores anteriores o en las copias y estampaciones realizadas con anterioridad por otros colegas de la Escuela Arqueológica Italiana. En el presente artículo reeditaremos algunas inscripciones funerarias de Aptera incluidas en el segundo volumen de la edición de M. Guarducci (1939). Nos basaremos para ello en una puesta al día de los conocimientos que existen para cada inscripción. Presentaremos en cada caso un lema introductorio, texto griego, traducción al español, aparato crítico, comentario y bibliografía de la inscripción. Veamos, pues, a continuación cada una de estas inscripciones. INSCRIPCIÓN Nº 1 (Figura 1) Estela sepulcral de piedra común, en la que el frontón y la parte inferior esta-ban incompletos. Se halló de forma casual en Aptera en 1905. Se conservaba en la época de Guarducci en el Museo Arqueológico de Chania (Nº Inventario E 21). En la actualidad la estela se ha perdido. Las letras están grabadas entre tres líneas-guía horizontales. Copiaron Xanthoudidis y Halbherr. Revisaron De Sanctis y Guarducci.

Robert Deutsch was tasked to publish six unpublished seals from Israel. One that caught my attention is the seal of Elisha which read: "belonging to Elisha". The sketch was not satisfactory for me. Too much detail was given and did not match the photos or the clay-imprint. I thus decided to reinvestigate the seal and just what I did to the seal of Isaiah the prophet discovered in Jerusalem and published by E. Mazar, I also carefully reconstructed the artist metrical background before he started to arrange his letters and figures in this mental or carved space in front of him. Nothing is disorderly. It is well planned. Carefully applied, arranged to balance and fit in harmoniously not hanging to a side or standing out of place. This aspect of the seal indicated to me that this seal is authentic for what fake mala fide cutter will have the pride with his work to carefully produce a fake with such precision of harmony? This cutter is a proud cutter who is professional and knows it too.

This is the second of two articles devoted to the phonology, morphology,
and syntax of the Italic language known as South Picene. The first part (sections 1 and 2) appeared in Italian Journal of Linguistics 31, 1, 2019. The purpose is (to attempt) to describe some aspects of the morphosyntactic structure of South Picene, as it appears in the extant texts, in a basically synchronic perspective. Prehistoric factors and/or data of other Italic languages are referred to only where it is felt that they help elucidate attested grammatical features of South Picene. The author expressly disavows any intent of systematic coverage in this
regard.

Repaso sumario al estado actual del estudio de la epigrafía funeraria emeritense en el marco de uno de los proyectos encargados de la nueva edición del CIL II: concretamente el correspondiente al Conventus Emeritensis: “1.- Augusta Emerita. Tituli sepulcrales urbanos” (2015-2018), denominado con el acrónimo CILAESEP.

Le ricerche condotte presso l'Archivio di Stato di Campobasso hanno portato al rinvenimento, all'interno di alcuni fascicoli del Genio Civile, di un disegno raffigurante un'epigrafe romana di II-II secolo d.C. L'epigrafe venne ritrovata negli anni '80 dell'Ottocento, presso il paese di Larino (CB). Il saggio è corredato da immagini.