--The Kibbutz Sasa KernosThe pomegranate vase: its origins and continuity -- Sara A.
--Hieroglyphs on Kernoi rings are metalwork catalogues, with Meluhha roots in Sarasvati Civilization sprachbund (speech union) , selected to indicate that ink can be used to write on ingots, metal rods, metal bars, equipment
https://tinyurl.com/y8g8443w This monograph is an addendum to:Indus Script writing instruments included kernos, ring of pots as a set of ink-pots containing iron oxide pigment to inscribe inscriptions on metal objects Iron oxide liquid held in such kernos may have been used to write on metal, as demonstrated on the Mohenjo-daro gold pendant. I suggest that the kernos ring of vessels is like an ink-pot containing iron oxide liquid used as a writing ink, to write on metal objects, like copper tablets or gold pendants. The gold-pendants with sharp nibs are writing instruments.See:
https://tinyurl.com/y8xqexl6 -- फडनिशी or सी phaḍaniśī or sī f The office or business of फडनीस. फडनीस phaḍanīsa m ( H) A public officer,--the keeper of the registers &c. By him were issued all grants, commissions, and orders; and to him were rendered all accounts from the other departments. He answers to Deputy auditor and accountant. Formerly the head Kárkún of a district-cutcherry who had charge of the accounts &c. was called फडनीस. (Marathi) ନବିସ୍— Nabis [synonym(s): নবিস नबीस] ବୈଦେ. ବି. (ଫା. ନବୀସ)— 1। ଲେଖକ— 1. Writer. 2। ୟେଉଁ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି କୌଣସି ଲେଖା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରେ— 2. A person who does a certain writing. [ଦ୍ର— ଏହା ଅନ୍ୟ ଶବ୍ଦ ସଙ୍ଗେ ୟୁକ୍ତ ହୁଏ; ଯଥା—ନକଲ ନବିସ, ତାଇଜ ନବିସ, ତଉଜୀ ନବିସ୍, ଅରଜୀ ନବିସ୍ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ।] ନବିସନ୍ଦା— Nabisandā ବୈଦେ. ବି. (ଫା)— ନବସନ୍ଦା (ଦେଖ)— Nabasandā (See) ନବିସିନ୍ଧା— Nabisindhā ବୈଦେ. ବି. (ଫା)— ନବସନ୍ଦା (ଦେଖ)— Nabasandā (See) ନବିସୀ— Nabisī ବୈଦେ. ବି. (ଫା)— 1। ଲେଖକ ବା କିରାନୀର ଚାକିରି— 1. The post of a clerk or scribe. 2। ଲେଖିବା କର୍ମ—2. writing. ନବସନ୍ଦା Nabasandā [synonym(s): নবিসিঝ] ବୈଦେ. ବି. (ଫା. ନବୀସିନ୍ଦାହ୍)— 1। ଦଲିଲ ଲେଖିବା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି; ଦଲିର ଲେଖକ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି; ଦଲିର ଲେଖକ— 1. The scribe or write of a document. 2। ଦରଖାସ୍ତ ଲେଖକ—2. Petition writer. 3। ଲେଖକ—3. Writer. ନବସିନ୍ଧା— Nabasindhā [synonym(s): নবিসিঝ] ବୈଦେ. ବି. (ଫା. ନବୀସିନ୍ଦାହ୍)— 1। ଦଲିଲ ଲେଖିବା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି; ଦଲିର ଲେଖକ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି; ଦଲିର ଲେଖକ— 1. The scribe or write of a document. 2। ଦରଖାସ୍ତ ଲେଖକ—2. Petition writer. 3। ଲେଖକ—3. Writer.(Oriya)
--"The (pomegranate-shaped) vase content was sampled twice and analysed in the Labs of Sapienza University. Data collected suggest that inside the vase there was an organic fluid, leaving traces of iron oxide."(Lorenzo Nigro, 2018, Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) from Motya and its deepest oriental roots in: Vicino Oriente XXII (2018), pp. 63-64).
https://www.academia.edu/37111300/POMEGRANATE_PUNICA_GRANATUM_L._FROM_MOTYA_AND_ITS_DEEPEST_ORIENTAL_ROOTSImage result for saraswati baliImage result for saraswati writingSarasvati Bali.
Hera Campana Louvre Ma2283.jpgThe Campana Hera, a Roman copy of a Hellenistic original, from the Louvre. Goddess of marriage, women, childbirth, and family. "Hera is commonly seen with the animals she considers sacred including the cow, lion and the peacock. Portrayed as majestic and solemn, often enthroned, and crowned with the polos (a high cylindrical crown worn by several of the Great Goddesses), Hera may hold a pomegranate in her hand." In Hellenistic imagery, Hera's chariot was pulled by peacocks, birds not known to Greeks before the conquests of Alexander.
--ମଶିପଥ— Maṡipatha ସଂ. ବି (6ଷ୍ଠୀ ତତ୍)— କଲମ— Pen [Apte]. ମଶିପ୍ରସୂ— Maṡi prasū ସଂ. ବି— 1। ମସ୍ଯାଧାର; ଦୁଆତ—1. Ink-pot. 2। ଲେଖନୀ; କଲମ—2. Pen. 3। ପେନ୍ସିଲ୍— 3. Pencil. 4। (ଆଧୁନିକ) ଫାଉଣ୍ଟେନ୍ ପେନ୍— 4. Stylo pen; (modern) founatain pen. ମଶି ବର୍ଣ୍ଣ— Maṡi barṇṇa ସଂ. ବିଣ. (ବହୁବ୍ରୀହି)— ସ୍ଯାଇ ପରି କାଳିଆ— Black as ink; inky. ମଶି ବିନ୍ଦୁ— Maṡi bindu ସଂ. ବି (6ଷ୍ଠୀ ତତ୍)— ଶିଶୁମାନଙ୍କୁ କୁଦୃଷ୍ଟିର କୁଫଳରୁ ରକ୍ଷା କରିବା ପାଇଁ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ମୁଣ୍ଡରେ ୟେଉଁ କଜ୍ଜ୍ବଳ ଟୋପି ଦିଆୟାଏ (ହି. ଶ)—Circlets or points of collyrium put on the forehead of infants to counterraet the effect of evil eyes on them. ମଶିମଣି— Maṡimaṇi ସଂ. ବି— 1। ଲେଖନୀ; କଲମ—1. Pen. 2। ପେନ୍ସିଲ୍— 2. pencil.(Oriya)
-- மைக்கூடு mai-k-kūṭu , n. < id. +. Ink-bottle, ink-pot; எழுதும் மசி வைக்குங் கூடு. máṣi m.f. (MW.), ˚ṣī -- f. (VarBr̥S.), masi -- m.f. (Lalit.), ˚sī -- f. (Suśr.), maśĭ̄ -- (BHSk.) ʻ black powder, lampblack, ink ʼ Suśr. [← Drav., Tam. mai &c., DED 4187]
Pa. masi -- ʻ soot ʼ; Pk. masi -- f. ʻ soot, ink ʼ; Ku. masī ʻ ink ʼ, moso ʻ soot ʼ, gng. mwaś; N. masi ʻ ink ʼ, moso ʻ soot ʼ; A. mahi ʻ ink ʼ, B. Or. masi; Mth. masī, mosi ʻ ink ʼ, misi ʻ black dye ʼ; OAw. masi f. ʻ ink ʼ, H. mas, masī f. (→ P. L. mass f., S. masu m.); G. meś, me_ś, masī f. ʻ soot ʼ, M. mas m.f., maśī f.; Ko. maśi ʻ lampblack ʼ; Si. mäsi -- dā̤ ʻ a black mineral substance used in medicine ʼ. -- Deriv. Or. masiā ʻ dirty ʼ. -- See miśrita -- s.v. miśrayati.(CDIAL 9920) Ta. mai collyrium for the eye, ink, ink-paste, black pigment, black, blackness, darkness, spot as of moon, blemish, dark cloud; fault, sin; dirt; (-pp-, -tt-) to become black, be dim; maippu black, blackness. Ma. mai blackness, antimony. To. moy- (moc-) to become dark, become evening; moy ashes (in songs); moQp darkness before dawn or after sunset. Ka. masi dirt, impurity, the black of culinary vessels, soot, lamp-black, black colour, blackness, ink, antimony. Koḍ. masi charcoal. Tu. maji coal, black powder, ink; maiyi a kind of collyrium; maivaripuni to paint the eyes with antimony or collyrium; maipè, maippè a black or dark-coloured fowl. Kor. (O.) majji soot. Te. masi blackness, sootishness, soot, charcoal, ink. Nk. (Ch.) mas soot. Go. (G.) masi id. (Voc. 2760). Kur. maī˜s ink. Cf. 4627 Ta. macaṅku, 4781 Ta. mā, and 4792 Ta. mācu. / Cf. Skt. maṣi- ink, lampblack; Turner, CDIAL, no. 9920; ? cf. Skt. mecaka- black, dark blue(DEDR 5101)
-- I surmise that all the three gold objects could be pendants tagged to other jewellery such as necklaces. The pendants were perhaps worn with a thread of fibre passing through the eye of the needle-like ending of the pendants. Why needle-like endings? Maybe, the pendants were used as 'writing' devices 1) either to engrave hieroglyphs into objects; 2)or to use the needle-ending like a metal nib to dip into a colored ink or liquid or zinc-oxide paste or cinnabar-paste. This possibility is suggested by the use of cinnabar in ancient China to paint into lacquer plates or bowls. Cinnabar or powdered mercury sulphide was the primary colorant lof lacquer vessels. "Known in China during the late Neolithic period (ca. 5000–ca. 2000 B.C.), lacquer was an important artistic medium from the sixth century B.C. to the second century A.D. and was often colored with minerals such as carbon (black), orpiment (yellow), and cinnabar (red) and used to paint the surfaces of sculptures and vessels...a red lacquer background is carved with thin lines that are filled with gold, gold powder, or lacquer that has been tinted black, green, or yellow."
http://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2009/cinnabar"In the typology of ancient Greek pottery, the kernos (Greek κέρνος or κέρχνος, plural kernoi) is a pottery ring or stone tray to which are attached several small vessels for holding offerings. Its unusual design is described in literary sources, which also list the ritual ingredients it might contain. The kernos was used primarily in the cults of Demeter and Kore, and of Cybele and Attis.The Greek term is sometimes applied to similar compound vessels from other cultures found in the Mediterranean, the Levant, Mesopotamia, and South Asia."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KernosThe presence of Meluhha settlements has been attested in cuneiform records. It is possible that like the Phoenician merchants, the seafaring Meluhha merchants had also trade contacts with many regions where kernos rings which carry signifiers of Indus Script Hypertexts proclaiming metalwork, have been found across Eurasia.
Examples can be cited from Mediterranean, Egyptian, Levantine and Mesopotamian sites from mid-fourth millennium BCE to early centuries of Common Era. These examples have been documented by BM Pande.
The thesis of this monograph is that:
1. the kernos ring was an ink-stand containing iron oxide pigment used by scribes; and
2. the kernos ring designed in Sarasvati Civilization (Mohenjo-daro artifacts presented by George Dales et al in 1986 and Kulli culture artifacts presented in Akinori Uesugi's monograph (2012), spread to entire Eurasia.
I suggest that the Greek word kernos has cognates in Indian sprachbund (speech union) with particular reference to a scribe, engraver, accountant, ledger-keeper (to record wealth-accounting ledgers of Indus Script metalwork catalogues): kāraṇika m. ʻ teacher ʼ MBh., ʻ judge ʼ Pañcat. [kā- raṇa -- ]Pa. usu -- kāraṇika -- m. ʻ arrow -- maker ʼ; Pk. kāraṇiya -- m. ʻ teacher of Nyāya ʼ; S. kāriṇī m. ʻ guardian, heir ʼ; N. kārani ʻ abettor in crime ʼ; M. kārṇī m. ʻ prime minister, supercargo of a ship ʼ, kul -- karṇī m. ʻ village accountant ʼ.(CDIAL 3058)கணக்குச்சுருணை kaṇakku-c-curuṇai, n. < id. +. Roll or file of accounts on palmyra leaves, kept by a village accountant; கணக்கோலைக்கற்றை.கணக்கப்பிள்ளை kaṇakka-p-piḷḷai, n. < gaṇaka +. 1. Village accountant, cashier, bursar, writer, agent, shipping clerk, bill collector; கணக்கன். 2. Man of the kaṇakkaṉ caste; ஒரு சாதியான்.
