Dialogical logic

ABSTRACT
Dialogic Reading (LD) is the shared reading of picture books interspersed with questions, feedback and expansion of
the child's responses. Studies that have adapted to LD for children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are
promising but are still scarce. This pilot study, conducted in a public school, investigated effects of an adapted version
of LD on task engagement and verbal participation. We read 20 children's works with the child in three stages: (1) LD
with all kinds of questions traditionally used in LD (including open questions, distancing and emotion identification);
(2) LD only with "wh-type" questions, such as: "What is this?", "Who is this?", "What is she doing?"; (3) Inclusion of
a least-to-most prompting hierarchy: repeating or rephrasing the question, completion prompt and response model.
During Stage 1 there was a high frequency of getting up and of immediate echolalia and no verbal initiations. During
Stage 2 the child´s adequate vocal responses increased, immediate echolalia ceased verbal initiations emerged and
increased during Stage 3. Restricting the range of questions during Stage 2 may have aided performance by diminishing
the number of different dimensions that the child had to attend to in order to respond. The storyteller´s questions may have functioned as models for verbal initiation. Further studies will replicate the procedure using multiple baseline
designs.
Keywords: School Inclusion, Autism, Verbal Behavior, Shared Reading, Verbal Interaction.

Para presentar la incidencia del giro dinámico en la lógica de la investigación científica, en este artículo comenzamos con una sección que trata de los juegos lógicos como desencadenantes de este giro dinámico en la lógica contemporánea, junto con el programa de dinámica lógica de la información y la interacción. Sucintamente presentamos las principales características de la lógica favorable a la independencia y la semántica juego-teórica (IF-logic y GTS, respectivamente, en Hintikka y Sandu 1997), de la lógica dialógica (Redmond y Fontaine 2011), así como los elementos esenciales de dicho programa. Si bien a partir de cualquiera de estos puntos de vista se cuenta con un elenco de herramientas lógicas para abordar cuestiones más claramente epistemológicas, destacamos el papel de la lógica epistémica dinámica (LED), a la que dedicamos la siguiente sección. Sigue otra en la que entramos en los estudios lógicos de la abducción como uno de los problemas fundamentales de la epistemología contemporánea y, en una nueva sección, en términos de los constructos teóricos de las secciones precedentes, presentamos y explicamos un fenómeno surgido en el campo de la lingüística, el caso del descubrimiento de la lengua amazónica pirahã, que debería ser considerado una anomalía en el marco de la teoría chomskiana.

Text to the Joint Talk at the IHPST-Paris1. Immanent Reasoning and CTT:  building on Göran Sundholm’s Insight on Dialogical Logic  Nicolas Clerbout and Shahid Rahman. Invited speaker to the international workshp "Formalisation vs. Meaning in Mathematics: Formal theories as tools for understanding" Themes from the work of  Göran Sundholm
It provides an overview of present and past work on dialogical logic, passing from the work on non classical logics by changing some structural rules, to the recent development on the dialogical framework for fully interpreted languages
(as developed in Constructive Type Theory) called "Immanent Reasoning"

This monograph proposes a new (dialogical) way of studying the different forms of correlational inference, known in the Islamic jurisprudence as qiyās.  According to the authors’ view, qiyās represents an innovative and sophisticated form of dialectical cooperative reasoning that not only provides new epistemological insights into legal argumentation in general (including legal reasoning in Common and Civil Law) but also furnishes a fine-grained pattern for parallel reasoning which can be deployed in a wide range of problem-solving contexts and does not seem to reduce to the standard forms of analogical reasoning studied in contemporary philosophy of science and argumentation theory.
After an overview of the emergence of qiyās and of the work of al-Shīrāzī penned by Soufi Youcef, the authors discuss al-Shīrāzī’s classification of correlational inferences of the occasioning factor (qiyās al-ʿilla). The second part of the volume deliberates on the system of correlational inferences by indication and resemblance (qiyās al-dalāla, qiyās al-shabah). The third part develops the main theoretical background of the authors’ work, namely, the dialogical approach to Martin-Löf's Constructive Type Theory. The authors present this in a general form and independent of adaptations deployed in parts I and II. Part III also includes an appendix on the relevant notions of Constructive Type Theory, which has been extracted from an overview written by Ansten Klev. The book concludes with some brief remarks on contemporary approaches to analogy in Common and Civil Law and also to parallel reasoning in general.

The present file constitutes the preface and conclusion of the book
Inferences by Parallel Reasoning in Islamic Jurisprudence. Al-Shīrāzī’s Insights into the Dialectical Constitution of Meaning and Knowledge. With Muhammad Iqbal and Youcef Soufi. Forthcoming in Springer.
It is fairly self-contained and the conclusion shows how dialogical cooperative schemas for legal reasoning of medieval Islam can contribute to the understanding of contemporary reasoning. We  briefly disccuss there Alchourron' take on analogy, and Brewer (1996)  and woods (2015) on analogu

Despite the fact that the spread of Islam in Indonesia can perhaps be traced back to the 9 th century, it had to wait until the 17 th and 18 th centuries to reach its full cultural, scientific and institutional outcomes. One crucial challenge was one that nowadays rises up in our modern society, namely finding out ways of cultural integration. Particularly so, since as in every legal system, Islamic Law contained the principle that what is not explicitly forbidden is allowed. In Borneo, strategies of integration involved pondering the uses of the Banjarese tradition, which were the dominant tribe in these times. It is here where the work of Sheikh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari (in English Arshad al-Banjari) who lived from 1721 to 1810, becomes relevant. Indeed, Arsyad al-Banjari, of Banjarese origins himself, and whose writtings were in Banjarese, applied a model of integration based on a dialectical constitution of qiyās, the legal argumentation theory for parallel reasoning and analogy, he borrowed from the Shāfi'ī-school of jurisprudence (uṣūl al-fiqh). Our paper focuses in the model of integration proposed and practiced by al-Banjari, a rational debate grounded on a dynamic view on legal systems. We will illustrate the method with the help of two different kind of qiyās deployed by al-Banjari in order to argue for the rejection of some traditional Banjaresse offering-rituals for avoiding disease or calamities (Manyanggar and Membuang Pasilih), and for the acceptance of the use of consumming the traditional sugary palm-tree-drink called Lahang, even when fermented. As we see from our dialogical reconstruction the debates, particularly the one concerning Manyanggar and Membuang Pasilih are quite sophisticated, with a Banjarese opponent that does not surrender easily to the rejection of his use of those rituals.

Numéro de la revue Klesis consacré au philosophe et logicien finlandais Jaakko Hintikka (10 contributions et traductions, 269 pages), sous la dir. de Vincent Berne.

Textes de : Vincent Berne, Jean-Claude Dumoncel, Matthieu Fontaine, Jaakko Hintikka, Mathieu Marion, Manuel Rebuschi, François Rivenc, Gabriel Sandu et Fabien Schang.

During the 2012 Visiting Professorship of Prof. Sundholm in Lille, the logic group of Lille started probing possible ways of implementing Per Martin-Löf's Constructive Type Theory (CTT) in the dialogical perspective. The first publication in particular on the subject—Aarne Ranta's (1988) paper—was read and discussed during Sundholm’s seminar. These discussions strongly suggested that the game-theoretical conception of quantifiers, which marshalls interdependent moves, provides a natural link between CTT and dialogical logic. This idea triggered several publications by the group of Lille in collaboration with Nicolas Clerbout and Juan Redmond at the University of Valparaíso, including that of the (2015) book by Clerbout & Rahman providing a systematic development of this way of linking CTT and the dialogical conception of logic.

However the (Clerbout & Rahman, 2015) book was written from the CTT perspective on dialogical logic, rather than the other way round. The present book, “Immanent Reasoning or Equality in Action”, should provide the other perspective in the dialogue between the dialogical framework and Constructive Type Theory.

In order to develop a dialogical perspective on the links between CTT and dialogical logic we will follow three complementary paths:
A. One of chief ideas animating our study is that Sundholm's (1997)1 notion of epistemic assumption is closely linked to the Copy-Cat Rule or Socratic Rule that distinguishes the dialogical framework from any other game-theoretical approaches. The linked is established via the dialogical understanding of definitional equality.
B. We will join—with some nuances linked to point C below—Martin-Löf’s (2017a,b) suggestions that the new insights provided by the dialogical framework mainly amount to the following three interconnected points:
B.1. the introduction of rules of interaction rather than of inference rules;
B.2. the challenge to what Kuno Lorenz (2014 [1987], p. 71) calls the semantization of pragmatics: deontic features are formalized with the help of specific propositional operators (and indexes) upon which the truth-value of the resulting proposition is made dependent;
B.3. the central role of the notion of execution in the rules of interaction: executions are responses to questions of knowing how.
C. As indicated by the subtitle, “A Plaidoyer for the Play Level”, we will stress the importance of the play level over the strategy level: this binds the point of execution with that of equality.