Ceramic Technology

Abstract. The paper is dedicated to the study of the so called textile imprints of the D’yakovo culture. Results of reconstructing the tool used to make imprints and the method of its use regarding one group of textile imprints are presented. These imprints are tiny arc-shaped pits, which look like nail impressions (marks) and cover the entire surface of the vessel. The data of the experiment demonstrate that the textile imprints were largely made by rouletting. Fir-cones with partially removed scales were used as a rouletting tool. The scales could be deliberately removed by humans or could be eaten up by rodents Мuridae and Cricetidae. The partially removed scales are identified by the presence of a distinctive line of the scale edge, impressions of fibers, rodent teeth marks, and impressions of the scale rib. A large number of such imprints suggest that a special cultural tradition existed in the D’yakovo pottery-making.
Keywords: D’yakovo culture, textile ceramics, experiment, rouletting, reconstruction, ornamenters.

En esta presentación nos ocuparemos de la tecnología cerámica a partir del estudio de las diferentes técnicas de cocción identificadas en el sitio Aguada La Cuestecilla, valle de Antinaco central, norte de La Rioja. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos de la serie de fechados C14, la ocupación principal del sitio se habría desarrollado entre ca. el 550/600 y el 1250/1300 DC.

La investigación del biodeterioro en material cerámico arqueológico ha sido escasamente abordada en contraste con otros sustratos arqueológicos. En el presente estudio se caracteriza la acción biodeteriorante, en el sustrato cerámico, a partir de la identificación de las especies de cianolíquenes presentes en las superficies y cantos de los fragmentos y microorganismos que desarrollan en el interior de la matriz en comunidades complejas. Las observaciones y análisis de superficies fueron realizadas por diferentes técnicas microscópicas (microscopio óptico, microscopio electrónico de barrido y espectroscopia por energía de dispersión de rayos X). Nuevas estrategias de control y prevención serán aplicadas para mitigar el biodeterioro.

The article discusses the efficacy of modern science-based methods within the framework of various research approaches and the opportunities they provide in the study of ancient ceramics as a source of historical evidence. It is the authors’ opinion that a combined historical and cultural approach is the most promising that has been proposed to date. Such methods can only be successfully applied given close, creative collaboration between experts in the fields of both ancient ceramics and the natural sciences.
Keywords: Ancient pottery making, ceramics, science-based methods, approaches and methods for studying ceramics, experiment, ethnography of pottery.

Bài viết trình bày về làng nghề gốm và kỹ thuật làm gốm của người Khmer ở An Giang và Kiên Giang (Nam Bộ Việt Nam). Dựa trên sự phân loại về quy trình kỹ thuật làm gốm thủ công ở Đông Nam Á, tác giả đã so sánh kỹ thuật làm gốm Khmer Nam Bộ với các kỹ thuật làm gốm của người Khmer vùng hạ lưu sông MêKông và kỹ thuật làm gốm của các tộc người ở Việt Nam như người Chăm, Bana, Cơtu, Giẻ Triêng, Churu. Tác giả cho rằng, kỹ thuật gốm Khmer cũng là kỹ thuật làm gốm thủ công cổ cùng phả hệ kỹ thuật tạo hình đồ gốm khu vực hạ lưu sông MêKông. Tuy nhiên, theo quy trình kỹ thuật chế tạo đồ gốm thì kỹ thuật tạo dáng đồ gốm của người Chăm, Cơtu và Bana là kỹ thuật cổ nhất Đông Nam Á.
Với giá trị về lịch sử kỹ thuật làm gốm và văn hóa của nghề gốm thủ công gắn liền với các tộc người. Tác giả đề xuất các cơ quan chức năng, các nhà nghiên cứu và chính quyền địa phương có kế hoạch bảo tồn và phát huy giá trị lịch sử kỹ thuật làm gốm thủ công của hai tộc người Khmer và Chăm. Đây là hai tộc người còn bảo lưu nghề gốm với số lượng hộ làm gốm tập trung khá đông so với các tộc người khác.
Từ khóa: gốm thủ công; gốm truyền thống; gốm Chăm; gốm Khmer; kỹ thuật bàn đập, hòn kê.

POTTERY TECHNIQUES OF KHMER PEOPLE IN SOUTHERN VIETNAM, COMPARISON WITH POTTERY TECHNIQUES OF OTHER ETHNIC GROUPS IN VIETNAM AND THE MEKONG RIVER REGION
PHD. NGUYEN THI HOAI HUONG
HOCHIMINH CITY OF INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
SUMMARY
The paper presents pottery villages and pottery techniques of Khmer people in An Giang and Kien Giang Province (Southern Vietnam). Based on the classification of the hand-made pottery technique in Southeast Asia, the author compares the pottery making techniques between of the Khmer ethnic groups in the lower Mekong River and with other ethnic groups in Vietnam such as Cham, Bana, Cotu, Gie Trieng, Churu. The author argues that the Khmer pottery technique is also an ancient pottery technique and the same technique used to create pottery in the Lower Mekong River. However, according to the technical process of pottery making, pottery making techniques of the Cham, Cotu and Bana are the oldest techniques of making pottery in Southeast Asia.
The value of the pottery and cultural history of handmade pottery is closely linked to the ethnic groups. The author proposes that functional agencies, researchers and local authorities plan to preserve and promote the historical value of pottery technique of the Khmer and Cham people. These two ethnic groups preserve pottery with a large number of pottery households compared to other ethnic groups.
Key words:
Pottery; traditional pottery; Cham pottery; Khmer pottery; Paddle and anvil pottery technique.

Since 2012, the French archaeological mission at the Governorate of Sulaymaniyah (dir. J. Giraud) has intensively surveyed a region around the Dukan Lake. Concerning the Chalcolithic phase, significant results provide new information on the distribution of settlements and the evolution of diagnostic ceramic typologies. During the Hassuna, Halaf and Ubaid periods, human occupations present an even distribution, with small sites, homogeneous in size, dispersed across wide territories or aligned along rivers and wadis. However, starting from the late Ubaid, and above all in LC1-LC3 phases, aggregation seems to mark the evolution of some major proto-urban settlements. These have to be considered as centres of a progressive hierarchical organization of the historical landscape. Regionalized ceramic relationships oriented towards the Hamrin basin, are evident from the end of the 6 th millennium BC, while later, during the LC1-5 phases, increasingly close connections with the Mosul area appear in the whole area. Despite some analogies with the settlement pattern of other northern-Mesopotamian regions, a question arises: can main local settlements really be considered as 'meso-regional capitals'?

Von 1804 bis 1898 wurde in der auf 1300 m ü. M. gelegenen Walsersiedlung St. Antönien-Ascharina, im Norden des Kantons Graubünden, an der Grenze zum österreichischen Vorarlberg, Keramik hergestellt. Fünf Hafner der Familie Lötscher produzierten dort während vier Generationen Geschirrkeramik, Kachelöfen und Wasserleitungsröhren. Die Grundlage für den Betrieb bildete ein lokales Tonvorkommen. Obwohl die Lage der Töpferei, abgelegen in einem nur auf Saumpfaden erreichbaren Seitental des Prättigaus, nicht als optimal eingestuft werden kann, waren die Hafner Lötscher bis in die 1870er-Jahre wirtschaftlich erfolgreich. Ihre lokalen Produkte hatten wohl aufgrund der Transportkosten einen gewissen Vorteil gegenüber Importen aus der übrigen Deutschschweiz, Süddeutschland oder Italien. Erst mit der Fertigstellung der Eisenbahnlinie Chur-Rheineck SG im Jahr 1858 und der Prättigauer Talstrasse um 1860 entstand die Möglichkeit für einen regelmässigeren Fracht- oder Postverkehr und einen besseren Warenverkehr, der die Konkurrenz zunehmend bevorteilte.

Andreas Heege, Lötschers Kacheln -Die Hafner aus St. Antönien GR, in: AS - Archäologie Schweiz 2018, 2018, Heft 4, 3-15.

Les productions céramiques protohistoriques de l'aire mégalithique sénégambienne dans le contexte de l'Afrique de l'Ouest aux I er et II e millénaires de notre ère (Protohistoric pottery productions from the Senegambian megalithic area in the context of West Africa during the first and second millennia AD)

This brief chapter summarizes the holistic study of an unprecedented concentration of well-preserved and sophisticated ceramic kilns dating to about 1000-700 BC in the Pomac (a.k.a. Poma) area of the mid-La Leche Valley on the north coast Peru. It highlights the importance of carefully integrating complementary archaeometric methods of analysis, including instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and field and laboratory experiments, while conducting such a study.