Celtic Archaeology

Les monnaies d'or apparaissent en Gaule autour de 300 avant J.-C. Les premières émissions sont des imitations de modèles hellénistiques sans doute importés par des mercenaires gaulois. L'étude d'un groupe d'émission particulier, le "groupe de Normandie", montre le développement par les Gaulois d'un véritable système monétaire à des fins bien spécifiques et qui a évolué au fil des siècles.

Essai d'interprétation de la structure quadrangulaire du sanctuaire gaulois des "Champs des Fougères" à Mandeure, dans le Doubs. Suite aux travaux d'une équipe d'archéologues de l'université de France-Comté, sous la direction de Ph. Barral, le plan d'un second sanctuaire a été restitué. Il est intéressant dans la mesure où aucune tracé d'occupation antérieure n'a été décelée. Nous pouvons supposé que le tracé régulateur de ce plan révèle assez bien les structures mentales et croyances du 1er s. av. J-C.

The recently unearthed chariot burials at Páty and Sajópetri has been studied in this paper. The two-wheeled war chariot is one of the emblematic finds of La Tène culture and analyzed in detail in many recent publications. At this stage of the research, three new chariot burials were unearthed by modern excavation methods and well documented in Hungary in the last two decades. Generally, the discoveries of La Tène chariots or their elements are relatively rare in the Carpathian Basin. The necropolis of Sajópetri is considered a particularly important site with the two cremation burials including the iron elements of chariots. Another remarkable chariot burial was discovered in Páty, ten kilometers west from Budapest. There are some similarities and differences between them, which have many major aspects to our knowledge about chariot burial unearthed in the Carpathian Basin and Northwest-Balkan.

The Fântânele-Dâmbu Popii cemetery represents a reference site for the Celtic horizon in Transylvania. The grave no. 49 from the Fântânele-Dâmbu Popii cemetery has revealed, aside from the funerary rite and rituals specific to the middle La Tène period in the Carpathian Basin, a series of practices belonging to the magical domain. On one hand, a linchpin included in the inventory of the grave had a magical purpose. On the other hand, the miniature decoration of a middle La Tène type brooch suggest that such costume accessories bearing "hid-den messages" were invested with apotropaic qualities.

The theme of the 45th AFEAF colloquium in Gijón is therefore centred on raw materials in Europe and the whole range of practices associated with them: their exploitation, processing, impact on society and the management of their different forms (raw materials, ingots, finished objects and in progress products, know-how, logistical aspects, environmental impact). The conference will be organized in three thematic sessions. Two scales of analysis will be emphasised: the regional scale and the European scale. The two will be compared in order to encourage scientific debate and can be based on different examples, contexts and types of analysis. The chronological scope of the colloquium is the entire first millennium BC.

Proposals for oral communications or posters must be submitted to the colloquium secretariat before 30 September 2020: afeaf.gijon@gmail.com

This thesis considers the purpose of the Late Iron Age coinage which was produced in northern East Anglia, and is usually attributed to the Iron Age tribe, the Iceni. The main source of new information used in the thesis is a detailed die-study of over 10,000 Icenian coins, believed to be the largest such study attempted for a complete regional Iron Age coinage. The thesis includes a review of previous scholarly work on the coinage and gives consideration to recent research into ancient economies and organisational structures.
The organisation of the coinage is explored and it is divided into four sequential chronological periods. The thesis explores the practical and organisational aspects of minting and finds that metal content and weight were important factors at all stages of production. The imagery and inscriptions of the coins are examined and it is found that, over the hundred years of so of production, there was a shift in emphasis from complex imagery, often containing hidden faces, to standardised simpler forms of iconography. The thesis explores the monetary role of coinage implied by these factors.
The deposition of coinage is considered, both as hoards and as single finds. The thesis shows how this evidence confirms the chronology and organisation of the coinage. It also shows that, contrary to previous assumptions, hoarding was not a continuous process in the study region. It was episodic using specific forms of coinage. The thesis finds increasing evidence of monetisation but also explores other potential uses for the coinage, and reasons for its issue.
The detailed die study and descriptions of the many types of coin are presented as appendices.
This thesis includes the following topics: Icenian/ancient coinage; using a die-study to assess relative chronology; number of dies used in Icenian coinage; parallel minting of Iron Age coinages; Boudiccan revolt; Iron Age hoards; metallurgy of Iron Age coinage; weight control in Celtic coinage; relative values of different denominations; scale of Icenian Celtic coinage production; minting Iron age coin age; plated Celtic coinage; Iron age art; Celtic numismatic art in East Anglia; hidden faces on Celtic coinage; the head in Iron Age art; itinerant moneyers in the LIA; monetisation of a LIA society; using hoards to assess chronology; bias in LIA hoards towards very ‘recently’ minted coinage; use of coinage in an ancient society; who issued LIA coinage; evidence suggesting traders may have been responsible for certain Icenian coinage; usage wear v die wear on LIA coinage.

Studie byla publikována v roce 2004 v časopise "Výběr - časopis pro studium vlasti a dějiny Jihočeského kraje" (svazek 41, číslo 3) / The study was published in 2004 in the journal "Výběr - Journal for the Study of the Homeland and History of the South Bohemian Region" (Volume 41, Number 3).

La géométrie des motifs ornementaux a été peu étudiée, en tout cas, les tracés régulateurs ont rarement été restitués, faute de documentation suffisante et de preuves matérielles évidentes.
Il en va de même pour la géométrie des enclos quadrangulaires de la période hallstattienne. La présente étude essaie de restituer le tracé de l'enclos des Herbues (Mont Lassois, complexe aristocratique de Vix).