Biology

Domestic dogs come in all shapes and sizes, but the animals we now regard as man's best friend may have originated from just two populations of wolves, research suggests. [31] In a recent study in mice, researchers found a way to deliver specific drugs to parts of the body that are exceptionally difficult to access. [30] Now MIT engineers have come up with a tissueengineering design that may enable flexible range of motion in injured tendons and muscles during healing. [29] Researchers at MIT, working with surgeons and oncologists at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), have now developed a way to improve the accuracy of this surgery, called debulking. [28] Scientists at the University of Bristol have invented a new technology that could lead to the development of a new generation of smart surgical glues and dressings for chronic wounds. [27] Elaborate molecular networks inside living cells enable them to sense and process many signals from the environment to perform desired cellular functions. [26] RNA sequencing is a technique used to analyze entire genomes by looking at the expression of their genes. [25] Researchers from the University of Chicago have developed a high-throughput RNA sequencing strategy to study the activity of the gut microbiome. [24] Today a large international consortium of researchers published a complex but important study looking at how DNA works in animals. [23] Asymmetry plays a major role in biology at every scale: think of DNA spirals, the fact that the human heart is positioned on the left, our preference to use our left or right hand ... [22] Scientists reveal how a 'molecular machine' in bacterial cells prevents fatal DNA twisting, which could be crucial in the development of new antibiotic treatments. [21]

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of severe upper and lower respiratory disease in infants and in the elderly. There are 2 main RSV subtypes A and B. A recombinant vaccine was designed based on the central domain of the RSV-A attachment G protein which we had previously named G2Na (aa130-230). Here we evaluated immunogenicity, persistence of antibody (Ab) response and protective efficacy induced in rodents by: (i) G2Na fused to DT (Diphtheria toxin) fragments in cotton rats. DT fusion did not potentiate neutralizing Ab responses against RSV-A or cross-reactivity to RSV-B. (ii) G2Nb (aa130-230 of the RSV-B G protein) either fused to, or admixed with G2Na. G2Nb did not induce RSV-B-reactive Ab responses. (iii) G2Na at low doses. Two injections of 3 µg G2Na in Alum were sufficient to induce protective immune responses in mouse lungs, preventing RSV-A and greatly reducing RSV-B infections. In cotton rats, G2Na-induced RSV-reactive Ab and protective immunity against...

Tese que reconstitui toda a trajetória do pensamento de Georges Canguilhem, buscando demonstrar a imprevisibilidade das mutações ocorridas em sua obra, bem como a originalidade de cada reformulação pela qual ela passou, sem que nunca se apagasse totalmente a conservação de uma herança dos períodos anteriores. Divide-se em quatro capítulos, para cada um dos quais foi priorizado um acontecimento externo como índice de modificação da filosofia canguilhemiana. O primeiro capítulo (1926-1939) inicia-se reconstituindo a influência exercida sobre ele por Alain e pela Wertphilosophie, tendo como marco de mudança os acontecimentos políticos que conduziram à Segunda Guerra Mundial, o que levará Canguilhem a romper com o pacifismo de seu primeiro mestre e a constituir um pluralismo axiológico que se coloca para além do neo-kantismo. O segundo capítulo (1940-1956) tem como acontecimento sua incursão no domínio médico, já iniciada alguns anos antes, mas que terá suas consequências com a publicação de suas três teses, em que reelabora sua filosofia dos valores inserindo agora a vida como valor a coordenar os demais valores. Entre o segundo e o terceiro períodos analisados, Canguilhem passa a emprestar conceitos à epistemologia bachelardiana na prática da história das ciências, o que permitirá que ele aborde o acontecimento que analisaremos no terceiro capítulo de um modo novo. Assim, o terceiro capítulo (1957-1966) prioriza a ruptura realizada pelo advento da genética no domínio das ciências da vida, o que exigirá uma retificação do conceito de vida por Canguilhem, o que ele fará concebendo essa novidade em biologia como uma “ruptura epistemológica”. O quarto e último capítulo (1966-1995) analisa um acontecimento na esfera das ciências sociais e humanas na França, ocorrida sobretudo com as obras de Althusser e Foucault. Canguilhem formulará um último conceito, o de “ideologia científica”, que permitirá responder a seus jovens colegas e revigorar o empréstimo que já fizera à epistemologia histórica de Bachelard, ensejando também um reexame de toda sua obra pregressa. Desse modo, a filosofia na qual a obra de Canguilhem culmina pode definir-se como: um pluralismo dos valores (cap. 1), coordenado nos termos de um vitalismo racionalista (cap. 2), que se nutre dos resultados colhidos a partir da prática de uma epistemologia histórica das ciências da vida (cap. 3), cujo objetivo é reformular o estatuto filosófico do homem enquanto ser vivente, investigando as condições de possibilidade práticas para uma pedagogia da cura (cap. 4).

We characterize access to empirical objects in biology from a theoretical perspective. Unlike objects in current physical theories, biological objects are the result of a history and their variations continue to generate a history. This property is the starting point of our concept of measurement. We argue that biological measurement is relative to a natural history which is shared by the different objects subjected to the measurement and is more or less constrained by biologists. We call symmetrization the theoretical and often concrete operation which leads to considering biological objects as equivalent in a measurement.  Last, we use our notion of measurement to analyze research strategies. Some strategies aim to bring biology closer to the epistemology of physical theories, by studying objects as similar as possible, while others build on biological diversity.

BIALIC CONGRESS
www.bialic.org
INTERNATIONAL BIOLOGICAL, AGRICULTURAL AND LIFE SCIENCE CONGRESS
November 7-8, 2019
Lviv, Ukraine

“International Biological, Agricultural and Life Science Congress” is a premier international science, technology and business forum focusing on Biology, Agriculture, and Life Science. The technical sessions will highlight invited and oral presentations.
Keynote (Invited) Speakers will be existed in each session also in three categories in the Congress program.
The Congress will be Green Congress basis so as much as less papers will be used and with carrying out our environment.
CONGRESS TOPICS:
Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Agricultural Engineering, Aquaculture and Biosystems, Animal Science, Biomedical Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biology, Bioengineering, Biomaterials, Biomechanics, Biophysics, Bioscience, Biotechnology, Botany, Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Earth Sciences, Environmental Science, Food Science, Genetics and Human Genetics, Medical Science, Machinery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physics, Soil Science, Sustainable Agriculture.
INVITED SPEAKERS
Prof Dr Yaroslav BLUME, Director of Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Prof Dr Aziz TEKIN, Dean of Engineering Faculty, Ankara University, Turkey
Prof Dr Ioannis TOKATLIDIS, Trakia Democritus University, Greece
Dr. Leonardo VELASCO, Director of IAS-CSIC, Córdoba, Spain, EUCARPIA Oilseed Coordinator
Prof. Dr Maria DUCA, Rector of University of National Academy of Sci. Moldova
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nooduan MUANGSAN, Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand
Prof Dr Alla YEMETS, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics NAS of Ukraine, Ukraine
Acad Prof Dr Gheorghe DUCA, President of Moldova Academy of Science, Moldova

IMPORTANT DATES
Deadlines of Abstract Submission ~ August 1st 2019
Deadlines of Full Paper Submission ~ November 1st 2019
Deadlines for Early Registration ~ July 31st 2019
Congress Dates ~ November 7-8, 2019
Early Registration fee for Turkish participants 600 TL, Students for 400 TL
Early Registration fee for Ukrainan participants 2500 UAH, Students for 2500 UAH
Early Registration fee for other country participants 125 Euro Students for 75 Euro
Registration Fee covers attending of all Congress sessions, Congress materials (bag, flash memory, etc.), coffee breaks, lunches, transfers between the congress center and hotels during the Congress (November 7– 8th), city excursion in November 8th and gala dinner on November 8th.
Congress Language is English.
Congress papers will be published in Congress Abstract of Proceeding Book. Additionally, the participants are encouraged to send their full papers that after the Congress are going to be published in indexed International Scientific Journals or Congress Proceeding Book.
Abstract submission and registration link is below. http://bialic.congress.gen.tr/
You can get more information from our web page.  https://bialic.org/ 

Wait you to attend in our congress…
See you in Lviv, Ukraine..

Prof. Dr. Yalcin KAYA
Chair of Organizing Committee

These jumping units are called "transposable elements" and their number is estimated at over 4.5 million in a single genome. [24]
Since the CRISPR genome editing technology was invented in 2012, it has shown great promise to treat a number of intractable diseases. [23]
As genome sequencing becomes cheaper and faster, resulting in an exponential increase in data, the need for efficiency in predicting gene function is growing, as is the need to train the next generation of scientists in bioinformatics. [22]

Since the CRISPR genome editing technology was invented in 2012, it has shown great promise to treat a number of intractable diseases. [23]
As genome sequencing becomes cheaper and faster, resulting in an exponential increase in data, the need for efficiency in predicting gene function is growing, as is the need to train the next generation of scientists in bioinformatics. [22]
A biological switch that reliably turns protein expression on at will has been invented by University of Bath and Cardiff University scientists. [21]

As genome sequencing becomes cheaper and faster, resulting in an exponential increase in data, the need for efficiency in predicting gene function is growing, as is the need to train the next generation of scientists in bioinformatics. [22]
A biological switch that reliably turns protein expression on at will has been invented by University of Bath and Cardiff University scientists. [21]
Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20]

Numerous investigations have conclude that hallucinations imply a failure in a discrimination process between reality and invention. This all is to say that an internal generated experience, with diverse brain processes, is attributed to an external source because we fail to explain why it happens.

Now, Salk Institute researchers have found that GUN1-a gene that integrates numerous chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling pathways-also plays an important role in how proteins are made in damaged chloroplasts, which provides a new insight into how plants respond to stress. [25] An LMU team has improved both the sensitivity and efficiency of a popular method for single-cell RNA sequencing, which yields a molecular fingerprint for individual cells based on their patterns of gene activity. [24] The goal is to find bits of DNA in common between the known relatives and the unidentified remains, suggesting both belong to a particular lineage. One analysis develops a profile that combines what's found at 23 spots in the DNA, for example. [23] A new method allows researchers to systematically identify specialized proteins that unpack DNA inside the nucleus of a cell, making the usually dense DNA more accessible for gene expression and other functions. [22] Bacterial systems are some of the simplest and most effective platforms for the expression of recombinant proteins. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20] A microscopic thread of DNA evidence in a public genealogy database led California authorities to declare this spring they had caught the Golden State Killer, the rapist and murderer who had eluded authorities for decades. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17]

Aflatoxin B1, produced by Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries and A. parasiticus Speare on maize (Zea mays L.), is a potent carcinogen that is linked to liver cancer in animals and humans. Normally, genetic materials are field-inoculated and evaluated by conducting aflatoxin assays in the laboratory to develop host resistance (sporophytic selection). These procedures are costly and time-consuming and limit the amount of genetic material that can be evaluated. Microgametophytic selection (pollen selection) in maize has not been explored for screening genetic material for resistance to Aspergillus spp. and aflatoxin. The objective of this investigation was to examine in vitro pollen germination in the presence of A. flavus and A. parasiticus conidia, and aflatoxin B1 in the F2 generation of a cross between Mp313E (resistant inbred) and SC212M (susceptible inbred). A. flavus conidia significantly inhibited pollen grain germination in comparison with the control and the other two treatments. A. parasiticus and aflatoxin B1 treatments did not differ significantly from each other but differed from the control, suggesting that A. flavus conidia, instead of aflatoxin, could be used for screening germplasm for resistance to Aspergillus and/or aflatoxin. We concluded that pollen grains containing genes for susceptibility to A. flavus can be eliminated in a segregating population and that microgametophytic screening could greatly facilitate recurrent selection and screening of germplasm for resistance to aflatoxin at a much less cost and in a shorter period than field testing. Pollen grains carrying resistance genes can be manipulated to develop recombinant inbred lines to accelerate development of parental inbred lines to produce hybrids possessing tolerance to A. flavus and/or aflatoxin B1.

Why do we call our parents mother and father? Why do we call ourselves these general words around children? These personal questions have not sufficiently drawn the attention of linguists and psychologists, yet any account of language and human cognition must be able to provide a good answer. Indeed, our minds have evolved and develop in a social setting that is primarily governed by norms of kinship. This article demonstrates how those norms encapsulate the relationship between language and reality, individual and society. I suggest that the use of kinship terms is characterised by a self-deceptive conflation of address and reference, which corresponds to a cognitive conflation of particular and universal meanings. This analysis requires a distinction between acts of address and reference that is consistent with a biological view of the individual. From this grounded perspective, I argue that 1) Mother and Father are elementary mythical characters, 2) myth has a basis in child-directed speech, and 3) child-directed speech is mainly a means to transmit societal norms, not so much a means to help children learn to speak or relate to others. I also discuss the conceptual issues in developmental linguistics that result from this lack of metalinguistic awareness, issues that go back to the beginnings of philosophy. Because nature is prior to nurture, and the concepts of parents and kin appear first in life, understanding the nature of these concepts elucidates central problems, from those of epistemology to the current questioning of gender and parenting roles.

In 2014, quarter (¼) of Africa populations were estimated to be suffering from hunger. In Cameroon, the demand for food is increasing while productivity was decreasing subsequently the food insufficiency. To solve this problem, leguminous crops were valorized in Cameroon. They represent a major source of protein especially among the poorest population, and are rich in essential amino acids such as lysine, supplementing thus the nutritional value of cereal and tuber diets. Nevertheless, their production faced the problem of soil degradation and loss of soil fertility. The main objective of this work was to characterize leguminous crops cultivated in two agro ecological zones of Cameroon. Investigations based on farmer's knowledge on leguminous crops cultivation were done in Western highlands and High Guinean savannah zones of Cameroon. During this survey, leguminous crops were collected for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Farmers which were mostly women have at least 10 years of experience on these leguminous crops cultivation. They kept their seed for next cultivation season and did not use fertilizers in their field. Based on color of seeds, nine, seven, six and four ecotypes of representing beans, peanuts, Bambara groundnuts and soybeans respectively were found from study sites. Quantitative analysis of these ecotypes presents the diversity of beans, peanuts and soybeans (p = 0.00) according to their biometric parameters. Except the weight of Bambara groundnuts which were different (p = 0.00) their size was similar among ecotypes.

Detailed design of tracking system that enable a Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV), equipped with a pan-tilt gimbaled camera to be stabilized and to track the target, with target asin center of image. The algorithm performs automatic tracking of target while camera gimbal is moved according to the target position in image. 2- Axis gimbal camera set up is made with servo motors and FPV 10x zoom camera. Gimbal camera set up is integrated with APM and XBee to replicate real set up of MAV in laboratory. And it is controlled with GCS set up made of joystick, XBee, Matlab and Mission Planner software. Thus, closed loop for control of gimbal camera designed. Image processing algorithm is used to track the target and to compute the position of target in image. Accordingly, control algorithm will generate control PWM signal for control of camera gimbal.