Bioanthropology
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Between 1985 and 2014, the number of US doctoral graduates in Anthropology increased from about 350 to 530 graduates per year. This rise in doctorates entering the work force along with an overall decrease in the numbers of tenure-track... more
Between 1985 and 2014, the number of US doctoral graduates in Anthropology increased from about 350 to 530 graduates per year. This rise in doctorates entering the work force along with an overall decrease in the numbers of tenure-track academic positions has resulted in a highly competitive academic job market. We estimate that approximately 79% of US anthropology doctorates do not obtain tenure-track positions at BA/BS, MA/MS, and PhD institutions in the US. Here, we examine where US anthropology faculty obtained their degrees and where they ultimately end up teaching as tenure-track faculty. Using data derived from the 2014-2015 AnthroGuide and anthropology departmental web pages, we identify and rank PhD programs in terms of numbers of graduates who have obtained tenure-track academic jobs; examine long-term and ongoing trends in the programs producing doctorates for the discipline as a whole, as well as for the subbelds of archaeology, bioanthropology, and sociocultural anthropology; and discuss gender inequity in academic anthropology within the US.
Burial 21 from Lapa do Santo was composed by a single almost complete skeleton that was almost fully articulated. However, the diaphysis of both tibiae and fibulae were absent. The presence of cut marks, chop marks, and green bone... more
Burial 21 from Lapa do Santo was composed by a single almost complete skeleton that
was almost fully articulated. However, the diaphysis of both tibiae and fibulae were
absent. The presence of cut marks, chop marks, and green bone fractures are compatible
with the intentional perimortem manipulation of the cadaver with the specific goal of
removing the diaphysis. Directly dated to 9600-9495 calibrated years before the present
Burial 21 further expands the already broad range of mortuary practices known to have
characterized human population inhabiting the Lagoa Santa region during the early
Holocene.
was almost fully articulated. However, the diaphysis of both tibiae and fibulae were
absent. The presence of cut marks, chop marks, and green bone fractures are compatible
with the intentional perimortem manipulation of the cadaver with the specific goal of
removing the diaphysis. Directly dated to 9600-9495 calibrated years before the present
Burial 21 further expands the already broad range of mortuary practices known to have
characterized human population inhabiting the Lagoa Santa region during the early
Holocene.
The Serra da Capivara region in northeastern Brazil contains several archaeological sites that have yielded human skeletal remains. Compared to other regions of Brazil, these sites have produced a smaller number of human skeletons (i.e.,... more
The Serra da Capivara region in northeastern Brazil contains several archaeological sites that have yielded human skeletal remains. Compared to other regions of Brazil, these sites have produced a smaller number of human skeletons (i.e., 3 to 4 individuals). However, the human fossil record of the region, especially that which is not associated with pottery, remains as yet inadequately investigated. Here we present a comprehensive review of previously-collected, non-pottery-associated human skeletal remains from Serra da Capivara. Additionally, we report on newly recovered human skeletons from recent excavations at the Pedrinho and of Toca da Barra da Janela do Antonião sites in the region. Current dates for these skeletal remains derive from associated materials, as efforts to obtain direct radiocarbon dates on the bones have proved unsuccessful due to the lack of bone collagen. The current understanding that the region was occupied for several thousands of years makes it difficult to define valid operational taxonomic units. While attempts for the extraction of ancient DNA remain thus far unproductive, future efforts should focus more on improving the estimates of antiquity for the skeletons. Resumen La región de la Serra da Capivara en el noreste de Brasil contiene varios sitios arqueológicos en donde se han hallado restos óseos humanos. En comparación con otras regiones de Brasil, estos sitios han producido un menor número de esqueletos humanos (i.e. de 3 a 4 individuos). Sin embargo, el registro fósil huma-no de la región, especialmente aquel que no está asociado con cerámica, sigue inadecuadamente investigado. Aquí se presenta una revisión exhaustiva de los restos óseos humanos previamente colectados y no asociados con cerámica de la Serra de Capivara. Del mismo modo, reportamos nuevos restos humanos recu-perados durante excavaciones recientes en Pedrinho y Toca da Barra da Janela do Antonião, localizados en la misma región. Las dataciones actuales para estos restos óseos derivan de materiales asociados, ya que los intentos para obtener fechados radiocarbónicos de los huesos no han sido exitosos debido a la falta de
Abstract The aim of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of subsistence strategies and dietary habits of the human populations that inhabited the central region of Argentina during the Late Holocene through the evaluation of... more
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of subsistence strategies and dietary habits of the human populations that inhabited the central region of Argentina during the Late Holocene through the evaluation of physiological stress indicators (pattern and degree of tooth wear). The samples correspond to a total of 61 individuals (19 females and 42 males) recovered from 36 archaeological sites located in two geographic and environmental subregions of the province of Córdoba –Central Highlands and Eastern Lowlands– and dated by AMS between 4058 ± 89 and 370 ± 15 14C years BP. A macroscopic record of the degree, pattern and shape of tooth wear was performed on 1,021 dental pieces, and their prevalence was calculated according to sex, age of death, region (Central Highlands and Eastern Lowlands), and chronological
period (before 1200 years BP and after 1200 years BP). Statistical analyzes (Chi-square tests) were applied to test the existence of significant differences between groups. The results indicate the existence of regional and temporal differences in the form and degree of tooth wear. We consider that these differences could be related to different forms and techniques of food preparation rather than to dietary differences.
The aim of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of subsistence strategies and dietary habits of the human populations that inhabited the central region of Argentina during the Late Holocene through the evaluation of physiological stress indicators (pattern and degree of tooth wear). The samples correspond to a total of 61 individuals (19 females and 42 males) recovered from 36 archaeological sites located in two geographic and environmental subregions of the province of Córdoba –Central Highlands and Eastern Lowlands– and dated by AMS between 4058 ± 89 and 370 ± 15 14C years BP. A macroscopic record of the degree, pattern and shape of tooth wear was performed on 1,021 dental pieces, and their prevalence was calculated according to sex, age of death, region (Central Highlands and Eastern Lowlands), and chronological
period (before 1200 years BP and after 1200 years BP). Statistical analyzes (Chi-square tests) were applied to test the existence of significant differences between groups. The results indicate the existence of regional and temporal differences in the form and degree of tooth wear. We consider that these differences could be related to different forms and techniques of food preparation rather than to dietary differences.
Time and signs. From creative immagination to unlimited semiosis
La fin du Pléistocène et le début de l’Holocène sont marqués par des bouleversements environnementaux d’une ampleur et d’une intensité exceptionnelles en Europe de l’Ouest. Ces quelque huit millénaires ont été scindés en périodes... more
La fin du Pléistocène et le début de l’Holocène sont marqués par des bouleversements environnementaux d’une ampleur et d’une intensité exceptionnelles en Europe de l’Ouest. Ces quelque huit millénaires ont été scindés en périodes chronoculturelles principalement à partir de critères typotechnologiques de l’industrie lithique, correspondant au Paléolithique final, et au premier et au second Mésolithique. L’identité biologique des groupes humains de cette période n’avait jusqu’alors jamais été étudiée de façon spécifique et la réalité anthropologique de ces partitions pose question. À partir d’un corpus réactualisé de 70 sites couvrant les territoires actuels de la France, de l’Allemagne, de la Belgique, du Luxembourg, de la Suisse, de l’Italie, de l’Espagne et du Portugal, ce sont 617 spécimens pour les restes osseux et 251 pour les restes dentaires qui ont été analysés. Des caractéristiques squelettiques ont été enregistrées et analysées selon un protocole unique : proportions squelettiques comme la stature, l’indice brachial et l’indice crural, morphométrie crânienne et mandibulaire, analyse par morphométrie géométrique de la conformation du neurocrâne et variations anatomiques non métriques crâniennes et dentaires. L’ensemble des données recueillies a fait l’objet de traitements statistiques adaptés, descriptifs, multivariés et exploratoires. Parmi les résultats obtenus, l’analyse métrique et morphologique de la mandibule révèle des changements microévolutifs de la morphologie mandibulaire en lien avec l’intensification de l’élargissement du spectre des ressources consommées au cours du Mésolithique. Un fonctionnement différent des groupes est proposé entre ceux établis sur les zones côtières et les continentaux. Les groupes côtiers seraient organisés selon un système plutôt fermé, traduit par la structuration régionale des données anthropobiologiques, alors que les groupes continentaux, bien qu’ayant un ancrage local, possèderaient des réseaux d’échanges plus larges et/ou plus réguliers. Enfin, la permanence des groupes humains du Paléolithique final au Mésolithique est avancée, ainsi qu’au sein des zones côtières durant tout le Mésolithique, alors qu’une discontinuité populationnelle entre premier et second Mésolithique est mise en évidence dans l’aire continentale. L’hypothèse d’une arrivée de nouveaux groupes depuis les régions situées plus à l’est, poussés par la progression néolithique en Europe centrale à partir du VIIème millénaire cal BC est avancée, rejoignant un des scenarii proposés à partir de l’analyse de l’ADN ancien.
// Environmental changes of exceptional magnitude and intensity occurred during the Late Pleistocene and the Early Holocene in Western Europe. These- some eight millennia- have been divided into chronocultural periods based on typotechnological lithic industries, corresponding to the Late Palaeolithic and the Early and Late Mesolithic. The biological identity of the human groups from this lengthy period of time has never previously been studied in a systematic way, and the anthropological meaning of these divisions remains unclear. In order to fill this gap in knowledge, this thesis presents the results of analyses of an up-to-date sample of 617 skeletal specimens and 251 dental remains covering 70 sites from France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Portugal. Skeletal characteristics, including skeletal proportions- stature, brachial and crural indices -, cranial and mandibular morphometrics, geometric morphometric analysis of the neurocranium, and non-metric skeletal and dental traits were recorded and analysed using a single protocol. All data collected were subjected to suitable descriptive, multivariate and exploratory statistical treatments. Among the results obtained, the metric and morphological analysis of the mandible reveals micro-evolutionary morphological changes related to the intensified exploitation of a broader spectrum of food resources during the Mesolithic. Human groups in coastal zones differ from those located further inland. Coastal groups evince a rather closed system, reflected by a regional structure of bioanthropological data, whereas inland groups, while locally based, are characterized by broader and/or more regular networks of population interaction. Finally, there appears to be continuity between human groups from the Late Palaeolithic to the Early Mesolithic, as well as throughout the Mesolithic in coastal areas, while population discontinuity between the Early and Later Mesolithic is highlighted in the continental area. The arrival of new groups from areas further east, driven by Neolithic population advances through Central Europe from the 7th millennium BC cal is hypothesised, similar to one of the scenarios proposed from the analysis of aDNA.
// Environmental changes of exceptional magnitude and intensity occurred during the Late Pleistocene and the Early Holocene in Western Europe. These- some eight millennia- have been divided into chronocultural periods based on typotechnological lithic industries, corresponding to the Late Palaeolithic and the Early and Late Mesolithic. The biological identity of the human groups from this lengthy period of time has never previously been studied in a systematic way, and the anthropological meaning of these divisions remains unclear. In order to fill this gap in knowledge, this thesis presents the results of analyses of an up-to-date sample of 617 skeletal specimens and 251 dental remains covering 70 sites from France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Portugal. Skeletal characteristics, including skeletal proportions- stature, brachial and crural indices -, cranial and mandibular morphometrics, geometric morphometric analysis of the neurocranium, and non-metric skeletal and dental traits were recorded and analysed using a single protocol. All data collected were subjected to suitable descriptive, multivariate and exploratory statistical treatments. Among the results obtained, the metric and morphological analysis of the mandible reveals micro-evolutionary morphological changes related to the intensified exploitation of a broader spectrum of food resources during the Mesolithic. Human groups in coastal zones differ from those located further inland. Coastal groups evince a rather closed system, reflected by a regional structure of bioanthropological data, whereas inland groups, while locally based, are characterized by broader and/or more regular networks of population interaction. Finally, there appears to be continuity between human groups from the Late Palaeolithic to the Early Mesolithic, as well as throughout the Mesolithic in coastal areas, while population discontinuity between the Early and Later Mesolithic is highlighted in the continental area. The arrival of new groups from areas further east, driven by Neolithic population advances through Central Europe from the 7th millennium BC cal is hypothesised, similar to one of the scenarios proposed from the analysis of aDNA.
The trajectory of human diversity lies through the past, present, and future of biological sci-ence. The adaptation of early Homo species paved the way not only for survival for replication but also manipulation for malleable... more
The trajectory of human diversity lies through the past, present, and future of biological sci-ence. The adaptation of early Homo species paved the way not only for survival for replication but also manipulation for malleable existentialism. Malleable existentialism: Humans shaping and ma-nipulating their biological origin and future. Humankind will and has artificially selected her or his image subjugated under their mandate.
THEME All branches of anthropology developed from Western epistemologies and practice, and have a history inextricably linked with European imperialism on several continents. In this class, we will explore this disciplinary context and... more
THEME All branches of anthropology developed from Western epistemologies and practice, and have a history inextricably linked with European imperialism on several continents. In this class, we will explore this disciplinary context and its effects on anthropological practice, past and present. This class will explore the ways in which anthropologists can challenge/acknowledge/move beyond limited research standpoints, work with and at the behest of descendant communities and other stakeholders, and welcome alternative lenses through which to collaboratively examine, define, and interpret evidence. We will examine the richness that diversity and inclusivity brings to practitioners and research questions, along with activism, applied practice, and concepts of heritage. SENIOR SEMINAR This seminar is a reading and writing intensive course. This is the capstone course for your undergraduate major, team taught and similar in format to a first year graduate seminar. It meets once per week, and without a C or better, you will not graduate with a B.A. in Anthorpology. Attendance is CRITICAL, as is completing readings and assignments. The role of this course in our curriculum is to provide senior undergraduate anthropology majors with an advanced seminar examining a rotating topic, such that at least two subdisciplines are relevant to the exploration of that theme. This is your chance to apply your selected anthropology focus and lens on aspects of an important topic in the discipline, and to show the faculty that you are ready to take your UCCS anthropology B.A. out into the world upon graduation.
Between 1985 and 2014, the number of US doctoral graduates in Anthropology increased from about 350 to 530 graduates per year. This rise in doctorates entering the work force along with an overall decrease in the numbers of tenure-track... more
Between 1985 and 2014, the number of US doctoral graduates in Anthropology increased from about 350 to 530 graduates per year. This rise in doctorates entering the work force along with an overall decrease in the numbers of tenure-track academic positions has resulted in highly competitive academic job market. We estimate that approximately 79% of US anthropology doctorates do not obtain tenure-track positions at BA/BS, MA/MS, and PhD institutions in the US. Here, we examine where US anthropology faculty obtained their degrees and where they ultimately end up teaching as tenure-track faculty. Using data derived from the 2014–2015 AnthroGuide and anthropology departmental web pages, we identify and rank PhD programs in terms of numbers of graduates who have obtained tenure track academic jobs; examine long-term and ongoing trends in the programs producing doctorates for the discipline as a whole, as well as for the subfields of archaeology, bioanthropology, and sociocultural anthropology; and discuss gender inequity in academic anthropology within the US.
Settlements incorporating large-scale human aggregations are a well-documented but poorly understood phenomenon across late prehistoric Europe. The authors’ research examines the origins and trajectory of such aggregations through isotope... more
Settlements incorporating large-scale human aggregations are a well-documented but poorly understood phenomenon across late prehistoric Europe. The authors’ research examines the origins and trajectory of such aggregations through isotope analysis of human skeletal remains from the mega-site of Marroquíes in Jaén, Spain. The results indicate that eight per cent of 115 sampled individuals are of non-local origin. These individuals received mortuary treatments indistinguishable from those of locals, suggesting their incorporation into pre-existing social networks in both life and death. This research contributes to our understanding of the extent and patterning of human mobility, which underlies the emergence of late prehistoric mega-sites in Europe.
Large, ‘complex’ pre-Neolithic hunter-gatherer communities thrived in southern China and northern Vietnam, contemporaneous with the expansion of farming. Research at Con Co Ngua in Vietnam suggests that such huntergatherer populations... more
Large, ‘complex’ pre-Neolithic hunter-gatherer
communities thrived in southern China and
northern Vietnam, contemporaneous with the
expansion of farming. Research at Con Co
Ngua in Vietnam suggests that such huntergatherer
populations shared characteristics
with early farming communities: high disease
loads, pottery, complex mortuary practices
and access to stable sources of carbohydrates
and protein. The substantive difference
was in the use of domesticated plants and
animals—effectively representing alternative
responses to optimal climatic conditions. The
work here suggests that the supposed
correlation between farming and a decline
in health may need to be reassessed.
communities thrived in southern China and
northern Vietnam, contemporaneous with the
expansion of farming. Research at Con Co
Ngua in Vietnam suggests that such huntergatherer
populations shared characteristics
with early farming communities: high disease
loads, pottery, complex mortuary practices
and access to stable sources of carbohydrates
and protein. The substantive difference
was in the use of domesticated plants and
animals—effectively representing alternative
responses to optimal climatic conditions. The
work here suggests that the supposed
correlation between farming and a decline
in health may need to be reassessed.
Los esqueletos incompletos y huesos humanos aislados constituyen un volumen importante del material recuperado en templos coloniales americanos. Esta situación lleva a la necesidad de realizar procedimientos que permitan la asignación... more
Los esqueletos incompletos y huesos humanos aislados constituyen un volumen importante del material recuperado en templos coloniales americanos. Esta situación lleva a la necesidad de realizar procedimientos que permitan la asignación sexual de cada elemento con el fin de profundizar diversos tipos de estudios bioantropológicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar funciones discriminantes para estimar el sexo a partir de huesos largos en una muestra recuperada en tres templos coloniales de Mendoza (Argentina) correspondiente al período entre los siglos XVII y XIX. La muestra comprende 61 individuos adultos (entierros primarios completos), con sexo determinado a partir de indicadores pélvicos y craneanos. En cada caso, se tomaron un conjunto de medidas del húmero, radio, ulna, clavícula, tibia y fémur que fueron empleadas para generar funciones discriminantes. Las funciones desarrolladas permitieron estimar el sexo con un elevado porcentaje de asignaciones correctas, siendo el fémur (92,1%) y el húmero (90%) los elementos con porcentajes promedio de estimaciones correctas más altos y con porcentajes más elevados en el sexo masculino que en el femenino. La ulna (79,3%), la clavícula (79,2%), la tibia (75,9%) y el radio (73,3%) obtuvieron un poder de clasificación más bajo. Los resultados son discutidos considerando factores genéticos, ambientales y tafonómicos de la muestra estudiada. Palabras claves: estimación sexual, esqueleto postcraneal, poblaciones históricas, norte de Mendoza. Incomplete skeletons and commingled human bones constitute a significant volume of recovered material in American colonial temples. This poses the need to perform procedures that allow the sexual assignment of each element in order to deepen various types of bioanthropological studies. The objective of this work is to develop discriminant functions to estimate sex from long bones in a sample recovered in three colonial temples of Mendoza (Argentina) from the 17-18TH centuries. The sample contains 61 adult individuals (complete primary burials) with sex determined from pelvic and cranial indicators. In each case, a set of measurements of the humerus, radius, ulna, clavicle, tibia and femur was taken to generate discriminant functions. The functions thus developed allowed to estimate the sex with a high degree of reliability. The femur (92.1%) and the humerus (90%) were the elements with higher average percentages of correct estimates, and with higher percentages in males than in females. The ulna (79.3%), clavicle (79.2%), tibia (75.9%) and radius (73.3%) obtained a lower classification ability. The results are discussed considering the genetic, environmental, and taphonomic factors of the studied sample.
En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del análisis de indicadores de salud oral en una muestra de cráneos y mandíbulas recuperados en entierros secundarios de las Ruinas Jesuíticas de San Francisco (RSF), ubicadas en el Sitio Área... more
En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del análisis de indicadores de salud oral en una muestra de cráneos y mandíbulas recuperados en entierros secundarios de las Ruinas Jesuíticas de San Francisco (RSF), ubicadas en el Sitio Área Fundacional (Ciudad de Mendoza). La muestra analizada corresponde a poblaciones coloniales (siglos XVII, XVIII y XIX) y proceden de un sector de la Nave Central de las RSF. Se analizaron indicadores de salud oral y dieta: caries, desgaste dental, pérdida de dientes premortem, abscesos y periodontitis en una muestra compuesta por 200 dientes y 263 alveolos. Se analizaron las prevalencias de estos indicadores en función del sexo, edad, cronología y sector de entierro. Los resultados se integran y comparan con los obtenidos en investigaciones anteriores en muestras recuperadas de otros sectores del mismo punto arqueológico y de otros templos del Área Fundacional. Las tendencias observadas muestran diferencias en las condiciones de salud oral entre los sexos y un deterioro progresivo con el aumento de la edad, así como también diferencias entre los sectores socioeconómicos y cambios a nivel cronológico. Las prevalencias de los indicadores analizados se relacionan con una dieta mixta con una base de alimentos agrícolas ricos en carbohidratos. Esta información es complementada con datos historiográficos y arqueológicos. Palabras clave: condiciones de vida; indicadores orales; Siglos XVII-XIX; Mendoza; arqueología histórica. Abstract In this paper we present the results of the analysis of oral health indicators in a sample of skulls and jaws recovered in secondary burials in the Jesuit Ruins of San Francisco (RSF), located in the. The sample analyzed corresponds to the colonial colonies (XVII-XVIII and XIX centuries) and come from a sector of the Central Ship of the RSF. The oral health and diet indicators were analyzed: caries, tooth wear, loss of premature teeth, abscesses and periodontitis in a sample composed of 200 teeth and 263 alveoli. The prevalence of these indicators was analyzed according to gender, age, chronology and burial sector. The results are integrated and compared with those obtained in previous research on samples recovered from other sectors of the same archaeological site and other temples of the Foundational Area. The observed trends differentiate between oral health conditions between the sexes and a progressive deterioration with the increase of the age, as well as between the socioeconomic sectors and a chronological level changes. The prevalences of the analyzed indicators are related to a mixed diet with a base of carbohydrate agricultural foods, this information is complemented with historiographical and archaeological data.
Este trabajo examina la presencia de caries dental en una muestra de esqueletos adultos provenientes de excavaciones llevadas a cabo en el sector que ocupó el templo colonial de San Francisco-La Caridad (siglos XVIII-XIX) en el Área... more
Este trabajo examina la presencia de caries dental en una muestra de esqueletos adultos provenientes de excavaciones llevadas a cabo en el sector que ocupó el templo colonial de San Francisco-La Caridad (siglos XVIII-XIX) en el Área Fundacional de la ciudad de Mendoza (Argentina). Se evalúa la frecuencia, distribución y localización de lesiones cariosas en la dentición anterior y posterior de dos submuestras (dientes de entierros primarios y secundarios). Cada submuestra correspondería a sectores sociales con diferente estatus. La prevalencia de caries resultó similar entre ambos conjuntos, aunque la distribución y localización de las lesiones presentó diferencias. Estas fueron interpretadas en relación con información histórica, etnohistórica y arqueológica sobre la dieta y prácticas de preparación de alimentos y de higiene oral de las poblaciones coloniales de la ciudad de Mendoza, sugiriendo estilos de vida diferentes entre los distintos sectores socioeconómicos. Abstract This work studies the presence of dental caries in a sample of adult skeletons recovered from excavations carried out in the colonial temple of San Francisco-La Caridad (18th-19th centuries) in the Foundational Area of Mendoza (Argentina). Frequency, distribution and location of carious lesions in the anterior and posterior dentition of two sub-samples (teeth of primary and secondary burials) are evaluated. Each subsample could correspond to social sectors with different status. The prevalence of caries was similar among social groups, although some differences in the distribution and location of the lesions were observed. These were interpreted in relation to historical, ethnohistorical and archaeological information on diet, food preparation practices, and oral hygiene of the colonial populations from Mendoza, suggesting different lifestyles among the different socioeconomic sectors.
Los nódulos de Schmorl (NS) son lesiones que afectan la columna vertebral. Si bien su etiología es diversa, han sido interpretados como una lesión posiblemente asociada con la actividad física. En este trabajo se analiza la prevalencia de... more
Los nódulos de Schmorl (NS) son lesiones que afectan la columna vertebral. Si bien su etiología es diversa, han sido interpretados como una lesión posiblemente asociada con la actividad física. En este trabajo se analiza la prevalencia de NS en cincuenta y dos esqueletos adultos del Área Fundacional de Mendoza correspondientes a los siglos XVII-XIX. Se discute su prevalencia en combinación con el desarrollo de osteofitosis marginal según sexo, edad, sectores socio-económicos y periodos cronológicos. Se registró una
prevalencia de 21,1% para el total de los esqueletos analizados. Aunque no puede descartarse la incidencia de múltiples factores en el desarrollo de estas lesiones, los resultados sugieren un mayor grado de estrés mecánico sobre la columna vertebral en los individuos masculinos y de los sectores más pobres de la Mendoza colonial.
prevalencia de 21,1% para el total de los esqueletos analizados. Aunque no puede descartarse la incidencia de múltiples factores en el desarrollo de estas lesiones, los resultados sugieren un mayor grado de estrés mecánico sobre la columna vertebral en los individuos masculinos y de los sectores más pobres de la Mendoza colonial.
La dieta de las poblaciones de la ciudad de Mendoza durante la colonia (mediados s. XVI-principios s. XIX) es conocida en gran medida por la información documental. Fuentes escritas dan cuenta de una dieta basada en productos locales e... more
La dieta de las poblaciones de la ciudad de Mendoza durante la colonia (mediados s. XVI-principios s. XIX) es conocida en gran medida por la información documental. Fuentes escritas dan cuenta de una dieta basada en productos locales e introducidos: recursos agrícolas (i.e. maíz, poroto, zapallo, trigo, centeno, olivo y vid) y faunísticos (i.e. vaca, cabra, cerdo, chivo, guanaco, perca). Estudios arqueológicos en diversas líneas de análisis han corroborado, discutido y profundizado los componentes dietarios y otros aspectos vínculos al proceso cultural involucrado (producción, distribución, consumo). En este marco se busca incrementar la información isotópica de los restos óseos humanos del periodo.
El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los resultados del análisis de isótopos estables (13C, 15N, 18O) de una muestra de restos humanos (n=10) recuperados de contextos funerarios de los siglos XVII al XIX en el Área Fundacional (Ciudad de Mendoza).
El colágeno y la hidroxyapatita ósea se obtuvieron siguiendo el protocolo de Coltrain y Leavitt (2002). Las mediciones de los isótopos estables se realizaron en el Laboratorio de Isótopos Estables en Ciencias Sociales (Complejo UTN-Los Reyunos, San Rafael) mediante un Flash 2000 Analizador Elemental acomplado a Thermo Delta Advantage IRMS.
Los resultados muestran valores promedio δ13C de -16.07 (rango de -13.07 a -17.7) y δ 15N de 11.34 (rango de 8.69 a 13.62) para colágeno. Mientras que los valores promedio para apatita δ 13C fue de -12.2 (rango de -13.4 a -9.8) y δ 18O de -10.2 (rango de -14.7 a -7.1).
En términos generales, los valores de δ13C de colágeno e hidroxiapatita reflejan una composición casi total de recursos C3. Es decir, el maíz es un componente casi ausente en la dieta de los individuos. Esto coincide con otros resultados obtenidos para las mismas poblaciones (Chiavazza et al. 2015) y que estarían reflejando la escasa importancia de este recurso, contradiciendo lo documentado históricamente. Los valores de δ18O resultan ser significativamente más empobrecidos isotópicamente en relación con los conocidos para fuentes de agua dulce que irriga a la ciudad (río Mendoza con una valor isotópico δ 18O -19.2), pudiendo asemejarse a valores de cursos de agua de la precordillera como arroyo Uspallata (δ 18O -14.9) o agua de lluvia del valle de Mendoza (δ 18O -8.5) (Vogel et al. 1975).
Estos resultados permitiría evaluar en un futuro otros aspectos vinculados a la dieta como ser los patrones dietarios diferenciados entre grupos socioeconómicos (inferidos por sector de entierro y ajuar funerario asociado) y de cambios o continuidades registradas entre los primeros momentos de la fundación de la ciudad (siglo XVI y XVII) y la consolidación/desarrollo posterior (siglos XVIII y XIX).
El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los resultados del análisis de isótopos estables (13C, 15N, 18O) de una muestra de restos humanos (n=10) recuperados de contextos funerarios de los siglos XVII al XIX en el Área Fundacional (Ciudad de Mendoza).
El colágeno y la hidroxyapatita ósea se obtuvieron siguiendo el protocolo de Coltrain y Leavitt (2002). Las mediciones de los isótopos estables se realizaron en el Laboratorio de Isótopos Estables en Ciencias Sociales (Complejo UTN-Los Reyunos, San Rafael) mediante un Flash 2000 Analizador Elemental acomplado a Thermo Delta Advantage IRMS.
Los resultados muestran valores promedio δ13C de -16.07 (rango de -13.07 a -17.7) y δ 15N de 11.34 (rango de 8.69 a 13.62) para colágeno. Mientras que los valores promedio para apatita δ 13C fue de -12.2 (rango de -13.4 a -9.8) y δ 18O de -10.2 (rango de -14.7 a -7.1).
En términos generales, los valores de δ13C de colágeno e hidroxiapatita reflejan una composición casi total de recursos C3. Es decir, el maíz es un componente casi ausente en la dieta de los individuos. Esto coincide con otros resultados obtenidos para las mismas poblaciones (Chiavazza et al. 2015) y que estarían reflejando la escasa importancia de este recurso, contradiciendo lo documentado históricamente. Los valores de δ18O resultan ser significativamente más empobrecidos isotópicamente en relación con los conocidos para fuentes de agua dulce que irriga a la ciudad (río Mendoza con una valor isotópico δ 18O -19.2), pudiendo asemejarse a valores de cursos de agua de la precordillera como arroyo Uspallata (δ 18O -14.9) o agua de lluvia del valle de Mendoza (δ 18O -8.5) (Vogel et al. 1975).
Estos resultados permitiría evaluar en un futuro otros aspectos vinculados a la dieta como ser los patrones dietarios diferenciados entre grupos socioeconómicos (inferidos por sector de entierro y ajuar funerario asociado) y de cambios o continuidades registradas entre los primeros momentos de la fundación de la ciudad (siglo XVI y XVII) y la consolidación/desarrollo posterior (siglos XVIII y XIX).
Los aportes de la bioarqueología en el estudio de las poblaciones urbanas coloniales de la ciudad de Mendoza permiten discutir el impacto diferencial de las condiciones de vida en la salud de los diversos grupos socioeconómicos hacia el... more
Los aportes de la bioarqueología en el estudio de las poblaciones urbanas coloniales de la ciudad de Mendoza permiten discutir el impacto diferencial de las condiciones de vida en la salud de los diversos grupos socioeconómicos hacia el interior de la sociedad, aspectos poco indagados por lahistoriografía local (Chiavazza 2005; Chiavazza et al. 2015a). Tal es el caso de la dieta y salud oral. El objetivo del presente trabajo es examinar la presencia de caries dental en una muestra de esqueletos adultos provenientes de entierros primarios y secundarios del Punto Arqueológico (en adelante PA) La Caridad (Área Fundacional, Ciudad de Mendoza), predio donde funcionó un templo colonial (siglos XVIII-XIX).
Tras varios intentos fallidos de ubicar los restos mortales de la familia real incaica, entre ellas las momias de Pachacútec y Huayna Cápac, en el antiguo Hospital de San Andrés de Lima, y ante la posibilidad de que estas búsquedas se... more
Tras varios intentos fallidos de ubicar los restos mortales de la familia real incaica, entre ellas las momias de Pachacútec y Huayna Cápac, en el antiguo Hospital de San Andrés de Lima, y ante la posibilidad de que estas búsquedas se reanuden en algún momento, se revisan las hipótesis alternativas que indican que dichos restos ya no se encuentran ahí. En el presente artículo se analiza concluyentemente la hipótesis de varios investigadores que afirman que las momias halladas en 1559 por el corregidor de Cusco, Polo de Ondegardo, no corresponden a las de los monarcas incas, sino que fueron intercambiadas por otras. En una revisión exhaustiva de los argumentos vertidos para corroborar tal hipótesis, se llega a la conclusión que las momias halladas por Polo de Ondegardo de hecho corresponden a las de los mencionados soberanos incas. Finalmente se identifica a los personajes de la familia real a los que correspondieron las momias llevadas a Lima. In spite of various failed attempts to locate the mortal remains of the royal Inca family, including the mummies of Pachacútec and Huayna Cápac, in the ancient Hospital of San Andres in Lima, and considering the possible resuming of these searches, this essay reviews alternative hypotheses that indicate that the remains can no longer be found in such hospital. In the present article, I analyze the hypotheses of several researchers, including Edumundo Guillén, that confirm that the mummies discoveres in 1559 by the corregidor of Cusco, Polo de Ondergardo, do not correspond with those of the Inca monarchs, but they were exchanged with the mummies of other Andean characters. The revisión of arguments seek to confirm such hypothesis and leads to the conclusion that the mummies found by Polo de Ondegardo actually correspond to those of the aforementioned sovereign Incas. Finally the members of the royal family, corresponding to the mummies carried to Lima are identified.
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