Archéologie

Beyond military aspects, questions of power and domination, the traditional castle of the Middle Ages incorporates in its functional unified form three essential components: the sala ou aula, piece of pageantry, justice and reception, the camera, a room of often shared intimacy, and the capella, a place of spirituality that often escapes the parish setting. But in the long time, the castle also emerges from spatial logics, very diverse settlement dynamics and constraints of more complex places to consider. More fragile, more obliterated the vestiges of the fortifications of 6th-11th centuries are actually more difficult to spot but archaeology now offers new avenues and allows to identify forms and categories of establishments that question the distant genesis of the properly medieval castle of the Pays d’Oc.

PERSONAL BELIEFS AND PRACTICES IRMENSK POPULATION

Kovalevskiy S.A.


This article provides an overview of existing among archaeologists perceptions of beliefs and practices of the population irmensk cultural and historical community of the Late Bronze Age. As a result of the study, the following elements characteristic of ancient beliefs were given: 1) fire rites and rituals; 2) zoolatrichesk cults; 3) presentation of the fate of the soul after death. Fire cults and rituals were presented as in the settlements (in the form ash heap of) and in cemeteries (in the form of hearths, traditions the burning of corpses and cremation on the side). Zoolatrichesk cults were reflected in the veneration of skulls home, rarely wild animals. There were also identified existing in irmensk public presentation of the posthumous fate of the human soul. By engaging ethnographic sources have been shown mechanisms to neutralize the negative impact on the living soul-double.Thus, it was found that irmensk population existed a well-developed system of ideological representations associated with ancestor worship, fertility, as well as solar and fire cults.

Статья посвящена истории развития взглядов исследователей на культурную принадлежность памятников эпохи поздней бронзы юга Западной Сибири. Анализируются мнения специалистов, рассматривавших памятники в рамках отдельных культур, эпох, культурно-хронологических пластов и культурно-исторических общностей; выводы ученых о центре формирования и периферийных вариантах данного культурного образования. В итоге делается заключение о целесообразности в настоящее время рассматривать памятники эпохи поздней бронзы юга Западной Сибири в рамках ирменской культурно-исторической общности.
The article is devoted to a studying history of investigators views on cultural attribution of Late Bronze sites in the south of West Siberia. Subject to analysis being experts opinions, considering the studied sites within separate cultures, epochs, cultural-and-chronological layers, cultural-and-historical communities. The article cites scholars conclusions on the forming centre and peripheral variants of that cultural formation. The article resulted in the authors conclusion that now it is advisable to consider Late Bronze sites in the south of West Siberia within Irmen cultural-and-historical community.

Статья посвящена выявлению роли огненных ритуалов в погребально-поминальном обряде ирменской культурно-исторической общности юга Западной Сибири. На основании систематизации элементов погребально-поминального обряда автором были выделены три варианта применения огненных ритуалов (кострища, обожжение на месте погребения и кремация на стороне). Каждому варианту дана подробная характеристика, включающая в себя географическую локализацию и изучение происхождения. Был сделан вывод о том, что огненные ритуалы применялись населением ирменской культурно-исторической общности преимущественно по отношению к женщинам и детям.

Le castrum du Verdelet 1 à Lamanon (Bouches-du-Rhône, 13), occupé entre les Xe et XIIe siècles, s’insère dans la recherche de la formation des premières bourgades castrales en Provence, émergeant au cours du Xe siècle. Lors des deux premières campagnes de fouille qui ont eu lieu en 2010 et 2011, la faune représentait moins de 500 restes déterminables. Suite à la réouverture du site en 2016, ce nombre à plus
que doublé. Cette collection permet d’appréhender les relations entre les populations et leur milieu sous l’angle de l’archéozoologie. De plus, cet ensemble osseux, mis en comparaison avec le castrum de NotreDame à Allemagne-en-Provence (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, 04) qui lui est contemporain, permet d’enrichir les connaissances sur les comportements alimentaires des occupants de castra en Provence. Lors de cette intervention seront présentés les résultats obtenus pour l’occupation correspondant à l’état 2 du site, c’est-à-dire de la fin du XIe siècle jusqu’au milieu du XIIe siècle, dont plus de 90% de la faune provient de la cour du château. Les résultats obtenus en Master 1 n’ont pu mettre en évidence un mode particulier de gestion des ressources carnées. La poursuite de cette étude précise aujourd’hui un comportement alimentaire d’une élite s’inscrivant dans le faciès provençal, par la domination des Caprinés durant la première moitié du XIIe siècle.

Programma del Convegno celebrativo delle indagini archeologiche condotte nel periodo 2004-2005 e di aggiornamento del quadro conoscitivo sulle componenti storiche e archeologiche del territorio di Pontelandolfo
In ricordo di GIUSEPPINA BISOGNO e in ricordo di CARMINE DIGLIO:
"Cinque mesi, quindici anni, una Comunità civica, una prospettiva: verso un progetto “aperto” di Archeologia ‘Pubblica’ per Pontelandolfo e il suo Territorio. Lo stato dell’arte dell’archeologia del Territorio pontelandolfese a quindici anni dalle indagini archeologiche nei siti di Coste Chiavarine e Castello dell’Avellana"

This paper examines the national and international growth of prehistoric archaeology in Italy from 1875 to 2000. A bibliometric approach is proposed for a case study of a scientific discipline, language and period that are poorly represented in current bibli-ographic databases. These constraints led to the generation of a data set with articles from 5 journals (2842 articles and 1221 unique authors). Publication language and author nationalities were manually included in the data set. Journal internationality measures and co-authorship network analyses showed: 1) that internationalisation was not the most striking change over the study period: it was one of a number of features that journal editors addressed in their own way; 2) results confirm a change in the social organisation of scientific production in archaeology, with the emergence of co-authorship and reflect the differentiation of local research trends. This is discussed with reference to previous work on the history of prehistoric archaeology. Résumé Le développement national et international de l'archéologie préhistorique en Italie à tra-vers l'analyse des réseaux de co-autorat (1875-2000). Combiner données bibliométriques et données qualitatives en histoire des sciences.