Algorithm

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Definicije pojmova u računarstvu: 1
Pojam algoritma: 2
Osnovne algoritamske strukture 4
Linijska struktura algoritma 4
Prosta linijska struktura algoritma 4
Razgranata linijska struktura algoritma 5
Višestruko grananje 6
Ciklična struktura algoritma 6
Vrste cikličnih struktura 6
1. “Dok” ciklična struktura (while) - ponavljati dok je zadovoljen uslov. 7
2. “Do” cikločna struktura (until) - ponavljati dok se ne ispuni uslov. 7
Složeni algoritmi 9
Postoje dve metode formiranja algoritma: 9
Kodiranje algoritma 11

Quadrotor control is needed so that the quadrotor can float close to the stationary state. For that we need control techniques. One control technique that can be designed and implemented in quadrotor is PID control. PID parameter tuning using the Genetic Algorithm technique can speed up the manual tuning process. The weakness in the application of the Genetic Algorithm rule is that it often rejects important information found in other individuals and causes premature convergence, especially at the beginning of the generation. These problems can be overcome by using crossover and mutation rules with different probability levels according to fitness values and evolutionary processes. The results of the study using fast genetic algorithm techniques obtained constants Kp, Ki and Kd with the lowest rise time and overshoot, namely 0.010, 0.001 and 0.036 at the pitch angle. At the roll angle, they are 0.010, 0.001 and 0.03. At yaw angle 0.018, 0.006 and 0.043. Comparison of PID tuning simulations using fast genetic algorithm with genetic algorithm standards, shows that fast genetic algorithm has increased optimum generation achievement faster by 26.67% at pitch angle, 44% at roll angle and 20% at yaw angle. This condition has an effect on increasing simulation execution time, where fast genetic algorithm is 26.4% faster at pitch angle, 38.05% at roll angle, and 24.19% at yaw angle.

The graph theory, which studies the properties of the graphs, has been widely
accepted as a core subject in the knowledge of computer science. In this paper, we
produced a method for developing an algorithm. The effectiveness of testing is the most
important factor for determining the cost and the duration of the development of the
large software products with a given quality, so the cost of testing for detecting errors
in the software reaches 30-40% of the total cost of its development and largely
determines its quality. The most commonly used of the testing methods are regression,
function, load, module, and optimization test if the graph is sufficiently complex. The
graph accelerates the testing process. We see the ways that we need to test. When they
cover all graph paths, the algorithm of the program is fully tested and does not need
any further development.

The Burden of Choice examines how recommendations for products, media, news, romantic partners, and even cosmetic surgery operations are produced and experienced online. Fundamentally concerned with how the recommendation has come to serve as a form of control that frames a contemporary American as heteronormative, white, and well off, this book asserts that the industries that use these automated recommendations tend to ignore and obscure all other identities in the service of making the type of affluence they are selling appear commonplace. Focusing on the period from the mid-1990s to approximately 2010 (while this technology was still novel), Jonathan Cohn argues that automated recommendations and algorithms are far from natural, neutral, or benevolent. Instead, they shape and are shaped by changing conceptions of gender, sexuality, race, and class. In the process, this book considers not only how we now define our choices and perform choosing online, but also how we constantly contest and subvert the choices that algorithms present us.  With its cultural studies and humanities-driven methodologies focused on close readings, historical research, and qualitative analysis, The Burden of Choice models a promising avenue for the study of algorithms and culture.

And here are some reviews:

"Suffused with nuance and aplomb, Jonathan Cohn’s The Burden of Choice details the asymmetries of power and disputed logics of contemporary algorithmic culture—an outstanding contribution to digital studies."

--John Cheney-Lippold, author of We Are Data: Algorithms and The Making of Our Digital Selves

"Algorithmic recommendations aren’t politically neutral. But, as Cohn details in this illuminating book, nor is their power absolute. The Burden of Choice is a primer on algorithmic dissidence, couched in a history of computational decision making."

--Ted Striphas, author of The Late Age of Print: Everyday Book Culture from Consumerism to Control

“Fascinating and timely, this exciting book explores the history of algorithms, recommendations, and suggestions.”

--Chuck Tryon, author of On-Demand Culture: Digital Delivery and the Future of Movies

ABSTRACT Solid precipitations (or depositions) in crude oil operations are undesirable because they may eventually plug the process equipment and/or pipelines; as such, accurate prediction of cloud point temperature is essential in the design and operation of many oil production facilities. Determining the cloud point temperature of a mixture requires a robust solution of a multiphase, multicomponent phase equilibrium problem. Solution of the phase equilibrium problem rests on the relations set by the Gibbs criterion for stable equilibrium and the principle of mass conservation. Mathematically, two solution methods are used to characterize the equilibrium properties of a mixture at given temperature and pressure: the equal-fugacity (iteration-function formulation) and the Gibbs free energy minimization approach. In addition, an accurate solution model capable of predicting multiphase formation is required. In this study, we implement the iteration function method enhanced with a solid–liquid–vapor phase-check procedure to calculate cloud point temperatures and the amount of solid precipitations. The Peng-Robinson equation of state with a modified α function, as suggested by Gasem et al. ([2001]), was utilized to model vapor–liquid equilibria while regular solution theory was used to describe solid-liquid equilibria. We also present a systematic method to characterize the heavy components of oil. The results of this study are in excellent agreement with experimental cloud point temperature and solid precipitation data for four North Sea oils reported by Pedersen et al. ([1991]).

The problem addressed in this paper is the estimation of the channel parameters in a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) communication system, in the presence of multi- path effects. Maximum likelihood estimation of these pa- rameters has been investigated in the past with the main drawback being the complexity of the multi-dimensional al- gorithms. The algorithm presented in this paper

O presente artigo explora algumas inflexões contemporâneas no estatuto do rosto. Na arte contemporânea, em sistemas de vídeo-vigilância, no marketing, na pornografia etc. as tecnologias de detecção e reconhecimento facial parecem espraiar-se sobre uma vasta gama de domínios. Sem a pretensão de esgotar este campo, propomos traçar algumas linhas de força que nos ajudem a compreender o que está em jogo nessa reconfiguração estética e política dos rostos. A partir de noções que buscamos no pensamento de autores como Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, cartografamos algumas tensões entre ação e representação, cristalizadas no estatuto contemporâneo do rosto.

Real-time algorithms for gradient descent supervised learning in recurrent dynamical neural networks fail to support scalable VLSI implementation, due to their complexity which grows sharply with the network dimension. We present an alternative implementation in analog VLSI, which employs a stochastic perturbation algorithm to observe the gradient of the error index directly on the network in random directions of the parameter space, thereby avoiding the tedious task of deriving the gradient from an explicit model of the network dynamics. The network contains six fully recurrent neurons with continuous-time dynamics, providing 42 free parameters which comprise connection strengths and thresholds. The chip implementing the network includes local provisions supporting both the learning and storage of the parameters, integrated in a scalable architecture which can be readily expanded for applications of learning recurrent dynamical networks requiring larger dimensionality. We describe and characterize the functional elements comprising the implemented recurrent network and integrated learning system, and include experimental results obtained from training the network to represent a quadrature-phase oscillator.