Accessibility and universal design (Architecture)

Este conteúdo está protegido pela lei de direitos autorais. É permitida a reprodução, desde que indicada afonte como "Conteúdo da Revista Digital de Direito Administrativo".A RDDA constitui periódico científico da FDRP/USP, cuja função édivulgar gratuitamente pesquisa na área de direito administrativo. Editor responsável: Professor Associado Thiago Marrara. REVISTA DIGITAL DE DIREITO ADMINISTRATIVO FACULDADE DE DIREITO DE RIBEIRÃO PRETO-FDRP UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO-USP Seção: Artigos Científicos Acessibilidade nos shopping centers: uma análise sobre a intervenção estatal na propriedade privada Accessibility in Shopping Malls: an analysis of State intervention in private property Nathália Silva e Santos Resumo: O presente artigo pretende analisar a aplicação das normas de acessibilidade nos shopping centers. Para tanto, realiza-se a pesquisa com enfoque no direito administrativo, analisando-se as modalidades de restrição estatal sobre a propriedade privada, mais precisamente, as limitações administrativas. De modo geral, objetiva-se examinar:(i) o conceito do termo "pessoa com deficiência";(ii) a atuação da Administração Pública na efetivação dos direitos fundamentais desse grupo social; (iii) a contextualização dos shopping centers no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. A metodologia utilizada constitui-se em um estudo descritivo-analítico, desenvolvido por meio de análise bibliográfica, legislativa e jurisprudencial. Palavras-chave: shopping center; acessibilidade; pessoas com deficiência; direito administrativo; limitações administrativas. Abstract: This article aims to analyze the application of accessibility standards in shopping malls. For this reason, the research is conducted with a focus on administrative law, by analyzing the modalities of State restriction on private property, more precisely, the administrative limitations. In general, the objective is to examine: (i) the concept of the term "person with disabilities"; (ii) the performance of Public Administration in the realization of the fundamental rights of this social group; (iii) the contextualization of shopping centers in the Brazilian legal system. The methodology used is a descriptive-analytical study, developed through bibliographical, legislative and jurisprudential analysis.

The study explored teachers’ perceptions of inclusive education in selected two schools in Reigate District, Bulawayo. Qualitative research was used as the research method while a case study was adopted as the research design. The sample consisted of sixteen teachers (eight male and eight female) selected from the two participating schools in Reigate District. Interviews and focus group discussions were employed as data gathering instruments. The study found out that teachers were aware of inclusive education though they did not have the finer details and skills to implement it effectively. It was also found out that most teachers lacked confidence to teach inclusive classes. At the same time, all teachers in the sample were unaware that Zimbabwe has no specific inclusive education policy. The study recommends that the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education enact a specific inclusive education policy. It also recommends that various education stakeholders and authorities should organise seminars and workshops at different levels in order to capacitate teachers with the practice of inclusive education.

Urban public spaces are conceived within certain technical standards, which would meet people's needs. According to users' perception that does not match all the time with the given arrangement, that may lead to rejection or misuse. In this article, the approach to analysis of projects for urban public spaces associates the perception of its users' health with accessibility that these spaces can offer. This becomes a support for efficacy analysis of projects as part of a social inclusion policy. The approach associates an international functionality, incapacity and health classification to a multi-criteria analysis of these factors through interviews with involved population, using Likert scale, where aspects considered as accessibility barriers or facilitators of these spaces are evaluated. The results of the case studied in Belém-Brazil showed, for example, that the understanding that people build on the circulation environment regarding barriers or facilitators is not always determined by difficulties related to their performance in actions and that an inadequate project may be a limiting factor to accessibility, even for people without a diagnosed disability. Resumo Os espaços públicos urbanos são concebidos em padrões técnicos tidos como de atendimento às necessidades da população, o que na percepção dos usuários nem sempre coincide com o arranjo dado, podendo levar à rejeição e mau uso. Neste artigo, a abordagem de análise de projetos de espaços públicos urbanos associa a percepção de saúde dos usuários à acessibilidade que possam oferecer; o que serve de apoio à análise da eficácia de projetos, como parte de uma política de inclusão social. A abordagem conjuga a classificação internacional de funcionalidade, incapacidade e saúde à uma análise multicritério dos respectivos fatores, através de entrevistas a população envolvida, usando escala Likert, onde são avaliados aspectos considerados como barreiras ou facilitadores de acessibilidade nestes espaços. Os resultados do estudo de caso em Belém-Brazil mostraram, por exemplo, que o entendimento que as pessoas controem sobre o ambiente de circulação em relação às barreiras ou facilitadores nem sempre é determinado pelas dificuldades no seu desempenho em ações e que um projeto inadequado pode ser um fator limitante de acessibilidade, mesmo para pessoas sem um diagnóstico de incapacidade. This paper is downloadable at www.transport-literature.org/open-access. ■ JTL|RELIT is a fully electronic, peer-reviewed, open access, international journal focused on emerging transport markets and published by BPTS-Brazilian Transport Planning Society. Website www.transport-literature.org.

This article focuses on the responsibility of the museograph  to integrate accessibility considerations at the earliest exhibition planning stages and to not view them as an afterthought. The example of a visual-tactile display at the exhibition “Connectivités”, MUCEM, Marseilles, shows that exhibition design can provide unrestricted access to qualified, participatory and collaborative (educational) experiences for all visitors, outside of mediation programs. Museographs are therefore encouraged to work together with specialised designers who consider the nonstandard visitor and bring inclusive design expertise into museography.
The design concept of Universal Design and its seven principles provide guidance in this respect. Its high creative potential for exhibition design poses the challenge for the designer “to think beyond the minimum requirements… [to] understand the needs of users well enough to make informed judgements and to effectively use the input of users with disabilities”. The author proposes the seven principles as a tool for museographs to better evaluate offers in public procurement processes.

In Australia, the last frontier for universal design is mainstream housing. Developers in the private residential sector have consistently, and successfully, argued for the status quo to remain. Developers’ claims of cost and lack of demand have swayed governments that are in favor of “letting the market decide”. Disability- and age-specific housing and one-off projects have included many features that are considered universal design. So, the technical details are not an issue.
The house-building sector in Australia consists of many parts, all held together by regulations and professional codes and norms of practice. Calls for accessible housing were heard by the Australian Government in 2010 and a set of voluntary guidelines were developed jointly by industry and disability advocacy groups. These became the “Livable Housing Design Guidelines”. It was understood that industry needed time to reorganize to bring about the changes needed. Consequently, it was agreed to progressively introduce accessible features over ten years so that by 2020 all new homes should be built to a basic level of accessibility. However, it was obvious in 2017 that this goal was unachievable with voluntary guidelines. Mandating these guidelines has been shunned at every turn, but the need to mandate could no longer be ignored.
Through community advocacy efforts, the body that regulates the National Construction Code has been brought to the negotiating table to discuss mandating basic access features in all new homes. This paper reports on the processes and progress of these negotiations and the outcomes to date.

Keywords. Australian housing, building regulations, universal design, advocacy

The aim of this research is to evaluate design practice compliances to accessibility legislation and design requirements in Malaysia. With regards of the increasing disability rates with age, ageing population have a significant impact on the needs of housing to be designed for future. The government regulation concerning housing design for ageing and disabled set to ensure a degree of access to their home. The role and relevance of the legislation and design requirements addressing the issue is to be practiced in the housing projects in Malaysia. On the strength of the legislations and design requirements, the analysis examines how Malaysia are practicing design solutions for housing accessibility, which encourages ageing in place. The results further reveal that such requirements was not used in the design practice and construction of housing projects in Malaysia. The outcomes are discussed considering the design requirements and concepts which can partly clarify competent design for the ageing population

Public transportation is the basic amenity to travel within and outside the city. That being the case, this amenity must be available to the residents irrespective of their social status, gender, physical condition, etc. It is also a basic right for every citizen to be able to navigate comfortably to places of work and so forth in the city of their residence. People with visually disability need special care and attention while designing. Unlike all other, the designs especially which are directed towards public use must take care of this group. However, this critical user group is most of the times not paid attention to and it makes difficult for them to survive through even the smallest of the daily tasks. This project is an attempt to find issues related to the access of public transport for visually impaired commuters. These insights were then used to propose concepts to help the visually impaired people access public transportation and navigate to places of their requirement more efficiently.

Delegates to the 'Include 2001' conference, hosted by the Helen Hamlyn Research Centre, were asked, as part of an 'obstacles and solutions' workshop, to identify barriers to the uptake of more inclusive design strategies, and to propose remedies to them. It became clear, from analysis of these contributions, that they fell into two major domains-that of the designer and that of the client. Three areas of concern were identified: the broader context in which designers operate, professional practice and the client/designer relationship, and each solution identified required action from both designer and client or importantly, provision of pre-and post-professional training and education. The need for education at all levels was seen as a key obstacle for both designers and clients, which could be speedily and effectively addressed. In light of this some options are explored for continuing professional development (CPD).

Streszczenie: Celem artykułu jest opisanie sytuacji osób z ograniczeniem mobilności, jako użytkowników otwartej, fizycznej przestrzeni publicznej Wrocławia, wraz z przedstawieniem tła ogólnego i przykładów pozawrocławskich. Artykuł przedstawia podstawowe informacje dotyczące osób z ograniczeniem sprawności, ich sposoby poruszania się w mieście, integrację przestrzenną oraz różnego rodzaju bariery, na które napotykają. Przedmiotem analizy są przede wszystkim ulice i place miejskie oraz środki transportu publicznego, a także akty prawne, strategie rozwoju i inne przedmiotowe przepisy, badania i publikacje dotyczące osób z niepełnosprawnością oraz interakcje społeczne w przestrzeni. Wstęp Szeroko rozumiana niepełnosprawność jest częścią dnia codziennego ponad jednej szóstej wrocławian. Miasto nazywa się " Miastem bez Barier " 1 , ale na portalu społecznościowym powstał w 2014 r. krytyczny profil " Wrocław Miasto Barier " 2. Nie wszystkie bowiem osoby z niepełnosprawnością uważają, że ów pierwszy slogan jest zasadny. Podkreślają więc, pokazują przykłady barier, że slogan ten jest wyłącznie hasłem służącym pozytywnemu pijarowi miasta, a działania i tezy nt. rzekomych udogodnień architektonicznych w przestrzeni i domniemanego braku barier wynikają z uzależnienia stanowiska Pełnomocnika ds. osób niepełnosprawnych od biura Prezydenta miasta. Zdecydowana większość mieszkańców choćby raz w życiu odczuła trudności w poruszaniu się po mieście, np. spacerując z wózkiem dziecięcym po chodnikach, usiłując iść z nogą chorą po kontuzji lub operacji, ciągnąc ciężki bagaż lub idąc w butach na wysokich obcasach. W dużym uogólnieniu można powiedzieć, że każdy z nas był lub będzie niepełnosprawny, choćby tymczasowo. Na tym zasadza się idea i filozofia projektowania uniwersalnego, zwanego też uniwersalnym dizajnem 3 (ang. universal design, UD). Wrocławska przestrzeń publiczna nie sprawia wciąż wrażenia, jakby była projektowana i zarządzana z myślą o tym, aby możliwie najlepiej przystosować ją do ruchu pieszego, w tym osób z niepełnosprawnością. Istotą ruchu tych osób w przestrzeni publicznej jest bowiem fakt, że wraz z opuszczeniem publicznych lub prywatnych środków lokomocji stają się pieszymi-nawet, jeśli nadal 1 http://www.wroclaw.pl/wroclaw-bez-barier 2 Profil dostępny pod adresem https://www.facebook.com/wroclawmiastobarier, dostęp ………….. 3 A. Rumińska, Uniwersalny dizajn, Wrocław 2009.

According to Lynch (Lynch, 1960, 1997), who uses legibility as a reference to easily recognize and remember a space, the more the environment supports envisioning, the more legible it is. It can be seen that the students who are studying design, have developed imagination with the sense of seeing. This illusion leads students to be concerned only with the effects of visual sense in the design process. Selçuk University faculty of Architecture organized panel and workshops " Thinking with the Universal design" which included " direction finding " group study with students using smell, hearing and other senses except sight. At the " Architect Muzaffer " campus and its immediate surroundings, three different routes were set in the workshop and six students were asked to experience these routes using a blindfold. This study shows that when somebody looses their senses, they can use other senses more effectively. Students become aware of using other senses instead of using only sense of seeing. The secondary target of this workshop is to attract the attention of educators involved in design education.

Abstract
In this study I draw on the perspectives and insights of self-identified disabled (n=14) and mad university students (n=3) at two Ontario universities. The perspectives of disability office workers (n=1) and instructors (n=3) are also included to offer triangulated accounts. I address the following research questions: (i) How are disabled and mad students constituted and represented in Ontario university settings? How do they understand and constitute themselves? (ii) What are mad and disabled students socio-spatial university experiences in relation to issues of access and academic accommodations? I draw theoretically on Foucault and other socio-spatial theorists such as Lefebvre and Soja to consider how university academic accommodations may function as regimes of truths discursively and materially shaping the lives of disabled and Mad students. I sketch cartographies of the present ways disabled and mad students are constituted and come to constitute themselves as disabled subjects. Case study methodology is employed to generate insights into knowledge-power relations shaping disabled and mad subjectivities. This research contributes new knowledge of disablement in university settings with key findings discussing how complex socio-spatial institutional knowledge-power relations shape notions of dis/ability and how disabled students become understood as mis/fits in university settings. This research demonstrates the significance of socio-spatialities in mad and disabled students’ lives, attends to how they are perpetually (re)positioned within institutional spaces, how they craft, understand, and forge their own spaces. Mad and disabled students’ perspectives offer new ways to think about university governance, disciplinary knowledges, pedagogies, constituting practices, subjectivities, socio-spatial struggle, and horizons of being human.

Recommended Citation
Castrodale, Mark A., "Examining The Socio-spatial Knowledge(s) Of Disabled And Mad Students In Higher Education" (2015). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 3229.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3229

Baril, A. (2018). « Handicap et minorité linguistique : même combat », Émission Le 6 à 9, Interviewé par Louis-Philippe Leblanc, Radio-Canada Winnipeg, 12 juin, (8 minutes 3 secondes)

LINK:
https://ici.radio-canada.ca/premiere/emissions/le-6-a-9/segments/entrevue/75934/alexandre-baril-milieu-minoritaire-colloque-regards-croises-handicap

Özet: Bu çalışmanın amacı ve önemi; yasal açıdan yetkili ve sorumlu birimler olarak belediyelerin engellilerin yaşam kalitelerinin artmasına yapacağı katkıdan kaynaklanmaktadır. Çalışmanın varsayımları, yaşam kalitesinin kentin dış mekânlarındaki olanaklardan çok etkilendiği; Türkiye'de engelsiz kentlerin önündeki engellerin yasal düzenlemelerde değil, uygulamalarda olduğu ve bu çözümlerin öncelikle belediyelerce sağlanması gerektiğidir. Bu varsayımları doğrulayan verilere Şubat-Ağustos 2015 tarihleri arasında Çorum Merkez ilçede " Eylem Araştırması " yöntemiyle yapılan " Çorum Engel Haritası " projesiyle ulaşılmaktadır. Çalıma sonunda Belediyenin engelsiz erişim için uzman kadrosunu arttırması, teknik ve istatistiki çalışmalarının kapsamını genişletilip sık sık güncellenmesi gerektiği gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca planlayıcı ve uygulayıcı personeli mesleki bilginin daha çok kullanıcı dostu işler üretmek yönünde arttırılması ihtiyacı görülmüştür. Çalışmanın planı şöyledir: Girişten sonra, ilk olarak " Temel Kavramlar " tanımlanmaktadır. İzleyen bölümde teorik olarak ulaşılabilirlik boyutları hakkındaki bir çerçeve, alt başlıklar aracılığıyla çizilmektedir. Sonraki bölümlerde önce Türkiye'deki durumun değerlendirilmesi ve daha sonra da saha çalışmasını oluşturan projenin bilgileri açıklanmaktadır. " Bulgular ve Tartışma " bölümünü ise " Sonuç " bölümü izlemektedir.

The Charlotte-Taitl-Haus is a memorial site in Ried im Innkreis (Upper Austria). It's named after Charlotte Taitl (15th May 1896 in Thomasroith/Ottnang - 16th October 1944 in Auschwitz). The memorial site is dedicated to all victims of Austrofascism and National Socialism in the district. In May 2017 it was opened to the public not only as a place to remember 196 victims but as a place to learn about Nationalism and Fascism as well.

The cause of the abandonment and decay of some historical urban contexts often has to be searched in the particular orography and low accessibility of sites that therefore go to be isolated and excluded from the active life of contemporary cities. A study conducted on the historical aspects and accessibility of the Northeastern ancient heart of Salerno, Southern Italy, was aimed to propose a correct rehabilitation of the site in the respect of the preservation of its authenticities. The area is characterized by the presence of a number of monasteries, which were founded in the Middle Ages and transformed during the centuries; they changed their functions several times, but they are currently abandoned because of their limited connection with the rest of the city. The advanced state of physical and social decay of the whole site currently necessitates a prompt enhancement of which a new proposal is here presented: an integrated restoration of the monasteries should highlight their historical and artistic values and at the same time identify a new function for them compatibly with their peculiar characteristics; the elimination of the architectural barriers is an important goal to achieve for the usability of the outdoor and indoor spaces; the connection among the buildings and between the site and the rest of the old town has to be guaranteed.