Process Approaches to Consciousness in Psychology, Neuroscience, and Philosophy of Mind
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Abstract
"Michel Weber & Anderson Weekes (eds.), Process Approaches to Consciousness in Psychology, Neuroscience, and Philosophy of Mind, Albany, New York, State University of New York Press, 2009. (484 p. ; ISBN 978-1-4384-2941-0 ; 65,32 €) (Jan 2011, paperback, ISBN 978-1-4384-2940-3) A good part of what fuels the current boom in consciousness studies is the robust progress of cognitive psychology and neuroscience toward reaching consensus explanations of just about anything except consciousness. Despite hopes that empirical research and computational modeling would constrain theory, it seems that scholarly debate has not so much reached an impasse as remained at one reached in the 17th century. Given the massive effort currently invested in research and debate, the lack of progress towards a general (and generally accepted) theory of consciousness begins indeed to make consciousness look like a kind of 21st century Philosopher’s Stone, whose hidden nature seems to hold the key to the greatest mysteries, but continues to elude us. Accordingly, the present volume taps leading researchers and theorists in the study of consciousness and Whitehead scholars to explore an interface between process thinking and the burgeoning field of consciousness studies. In sum, the rationale for such a project has two main facets: first, the state of an educated debate that seems, first, unproductive and peculiarly burdened by its deep modernist origins; and, secondly, marked more by disciplinary rivalry than interdisciplinary synthesis. Table of Contents List of Contributors Preface, Michel Weber & Anderson Weekes 1. Main Themes of the Book 2. Précis of the Contributions I. Introductory Essays, Michel Weber & Anderson Weekes 1. Process Thought as a Heuristic for Investigating Consciousness 2. Whitehead as a Neglected Figure of 20th Century Philosophy 3. Consciousness as a Topic of Investigation in Western Thought 4. Whitehead’s Unique Approach to the Topic of Consciousness II. Psychology and Philosophy of Mind 5. Consciousness as a Subjective Form, David Ray Griffin (Claremont) 6. The Interpretation and Integration of the Literature on Consciousness from a Process Perspective, Michael W. Katzko (Nijmegen) 7. Windows on Nonhuman Minds, Donald R. Griffin (Harvard) III. From Metaphysics to (Neuro-)Science and Back Again 8. Panexperientialism, Quantum Theory, and Neuroplasticity, George W. Shields (Kentucky State) 9. The Evolution of Consciousness, Max Velmans (Goldsmiths) 10. The Carrier Theory Of Causation, Gregg H. Rosenberg (New York) IV. Applications to Psychiatry: Consciousness as Process 11. The Microgenetic Revolution in Contemporary Neuropsychology and Neurolinguistics, Maria Pachalska (Lublin and Gdansk) and Bruce Duncan MacQueen (Bydgoszcz) 12. From Coma to Consciousness, Avraham Schweiger (Tel Aviv), Michael Frost (Tel Aviv) , Ofer Keren (Raanana and Tel-Aviv) 13. Consciousness and Rationality from a Process Perspective, Michel Weber (Chromatiques) V. History (and Future?) of Philosophy 14. Consciousness, Memory, and Recollection according to Whitehead, Xavier Verley (Toulouse le Mirail) 15. Consciousness and Causation in Light of Whitehead’s Phenomenology of Becoming, Anderson Weekes (New York)"
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"Franz G. Riffert & Michel Weber (eds.), Searching for New Contrasts. Whiteheadian Contributions to Contemporary Challenges in Neurophysiology, Psychology, Psychotherapy and the Philosophy of Mind, Frankfurt am Main, Peter Lang, Whitehead Psychology Nexus Studies I, 2003. (444 p. ; ISBN 3-631-39089-0 ; 68,5 €) Whitehead claimed that “to sustain a civilization with the intensity of its first ardour requires more than learning. Adventure is essential, namely, the search for new perfections” (Adventures of Ideas, 258). Since humility is—more than ever—urgently needed in scholarship, we have chosen to qualify our conceptual adventure as a search for new contrasts, thus invoking an essential Whiteheadian concept. As the reader will have already understood, contrast does not mean here contention, or strife, or even comparison between fields that are essentially foreign to each other; it means emphasizing the complementariness of differences and the promotion of synergies. " Foreword, Franz G. Riffert and Michel Weber List of Contributors Introduction. Reconnecting Science and Metaphysics: General Considerations and Pioneer Works on Process-Psychology, Franz G. Riffert and John B. Cobb, Jr. Part I. Neurophysiology Value in Mind and Nature, Jason W. Brown Consciousness, Whitehead and Quantum Computation in the Brain: Panprotopsychism Meets the Physics of Fundamental Space-Time Geometry, Stuart Hameroff Consciousness: The Brain’s Private Psychological Field, Marcel Kinsbourne The Common Origin of Perception and Action: A Process Perspective, Avraham Schweiger Part II. Psychology Whitehead's Faculty-Psychology, Jean-Claude Dumoncel Psychology Moves Towards Whitehead, John Pickering On Scientific Confirmation of Causal Efficacy, Franz G. Riffert What is Called “Feeling”?—Lure and Certainty in Whitehead and Descartes, Pierre Rodrigo The One and the Many. Reflections on Whitehead’s notion of Personal Identity, Luca Vanzago Part III. Psychotherapy Psychotherapy in Process, John B. Cobb, Jr. The Promise of Process Psychology, David E. Roy The Universality of Impermanence, C. R. F. Sherlock The Art of Epochal Change, Michel Weber Part IV. Philosophy of Mind A Psychology for the Ecosystem, Liliana Albertazzi Mind as Process, Mark H. Bickhard Direct Realism in Perception and Memory, Peter Farleigh Untangling “Self,” “Person,” and “I”, David Galin Whitehead and the Revival (?) of Panpsychism, William Seager Psychology and Physics Reconciled: Whitehead’s Vision of Metaphysics, Anderson Weekes Critical Apparatus General Bibliography Index of Subjects Index of Names Detailed Table of Contents
Auslegung: a Journal of Philosophy, 1992
If it is true that focusing on immediate experience leads Whitehead to endorse some form of panexperientialism, there should be an experiential basis for panexperientialism. But there are thinkers who are convinced that this is impossible and who have rejected panexperientialism as a viable philosophical position on the grounds that there can be no experiential evidence for it. In this paper I want to defend the claim that Whitehead's focus on the empirical side of philosophy leads him to endorse panexperientialism. Thereby I will also try to clarify why Whitehead can be considered a panexperientialist, even though he never even used the expression.
2009
The authors argue that the consciousness debate inhabits the same problem space today as it did in the 17th century. They attribute the lack of progress to a mindset still polarized by Descartes’ real distinction between mind and body, resulting in a standoff between humanistic and scientistic approaches. They suggest that consciousness can be adequately studied only by a multiplicity of disciplines so that the paramount problem is how to integrate diverse disciplinary perspectives into a coherent metatheory. Process philosophy is well qualified to attempt such a synthesis. The rationale for the volume is summed up in the book's unifying thesis: normal, focal-attentive consciousness is not the sui generis phenomenon it is usually taken to be, but part of a wider spectrum of experience (including marginal, deviant, and non-human experience) that can only be studied by approaches as diverse as phenomenology, psycho- and neuropathology, biology, and zoology
ALEFTP 7501 Approaches to Consciousness: Introductory Materials, 2026
These introductory materials for ALEFTP 7501, Approaches to Consciousness, orient students to the field ahead of the module proper. Part I shows how definitions of consciousness range from minimal behavioural discrimination of stimuli, through inherently subjective experience, to the Upanishadic view of consciousness as integral to ultimate reality. Drawing on Barušs's survey of researcher worldviews, the essay distinguishes traditional religious, materialist, and consciousness-as-primary orientations, arguing that any account reflects the assumptions of its cultural setting — including the reader's own. A historical narrative follows: Galileo's split between primary and secondary qualities, Descartes's dualism and the resulting mind–body problem, William James's stream of consciousness and his interest in psychical research and mysticism, behaviourism's rejection of subjectivity, the computational turn, and the countercultural re-emergence of transpersonal approaches. The essay then examines Chalmers's hard problem, leading materialist theories, recent disputes over IIT's scientific status, adversarial collaborations, neurotechnology, and debates about artificial consciousness in large language models. It concludes that neural correlates alone cannot settle the mind–body problem, that non-materialist positions remain viable, and that Presti's expanded framework offers a way forward. Part II supplies a glossary of some sixty key terms, intended as a reference resource throughout the semester rather than material for memorisation. Updates for July 2026 includes a new glossary entry on Artificial Consciousness.
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In this article, we look at the hard problem of consciousness from the perspective of process metaphysics. We thereby identify three problematic premises of the problem that pertain to the constitution of consciousness and its causal relation to the world. We argue for the necessity of re-thinking the corresponding phenomena in terms of internally-structured processes. The hard problem would then cease to be an insurmountable obstacle to a science of consciousness. Furthermore, this line of reasoning is shown to be continuous with philosophical projects from the early 20th century that preceded the contemporary philosophy of mind. Specifically, we investigate the relationship of parts and wholes, and translate metaphysical problems of consciousness into mereological language. Despite this being a philosophical project, we frequently note and discuss links to the empirical sciences, in particular those of quantum mechanics, systems theory and the embodied cognition framework.
2011
In this work, I examine the traditional theories of mind and consciousness. I present the arguments that support them and the presuppositions that hold them. A critical analysis of these theories will show that they all fail for apparently different reason. I will also provide the standard arguments against them. I maintain that this failure is the result of a fundamental presupposition that they all share, namely substance ontology. The standard causality view, which presents the other source of this problem is the direct consequence of assuming a substance ontology. The result of these assumptions is to render consciousness impotent or over-determining. As a result, consciousness must be reduced to some other phenomenon, eliminated, or accepted as impotent. Moreover, theses view cannot really distinguish between mind and consciousness. The position maintained in this work is to abandon the ontological primacy of substance ontology and replace it with process ontology and add emerg...
2009
Terms for consciousness, used with a cognitive meaning, emerged as count nouns in the 17th century. This transformation repeats an evolution that had taken place in late antiquity, when related vocabulary, used in the sense of conscience, went from being mass nouns designating states to count nouns designating faculties possessed by every individual. The reified concept of consciousness resulted from the rejection of the Scholastic-Aristotelian theory of mind according to which the mind is not a countable thing, but a pure potentiality. This rejection was motivated by an acute sense of the mind’s fallible subjectivity. While conditioned by recent historical events, the 17th century’s pervasive sense of subjectivity also reveals a heavy debt to Hellenistic philosophy, which had been recently rediscovered. But whereas Hellenistic thought, mistrustful of theoria, only reifies conscience, early modern thinking, more mistrustful of praxis and seeking its grounding in theoria, goes a step further and reifies consciousness. Partly modeled on theological ideas, the resulting concept of consciousness is plagued by paradoxes that have becomes notorious for their intractability. But essentially the same model of consciousness underwrites contemporary theory, embroiling contemporary debates in the same controversies that dominated the 17th century. Sidestepping these difficulties by returning to the Scholastic-Aristotelian theory of mind would be a tall order, but it is not impossible. Alfred North Whitehead's theory of consciousness offers an example. His novel theory of time enables Whitehead to rehabilitate the Aristotelian concept of passive mind in a wholly naturalistic way.
Music is feeling, then, not sound" Wallace Stevens "The basis of experience is emotional" Alfred North Whitehead KEY: AI = Adventure of Ideas MT = Modes of Thought PR = Process and Reality PRr = Process and Reality, revised edition SMW = Science and the Modern World Glossary at bottom of article INTRODUCTION
Michel Weber